Effect of antenatal depression on adverse birth outcomes in Gondar town, Ethiopia: A community-based cohort study

Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Miller, Emma R.; Woodman, Richard; Azale, Telake; Mwanri, Lillian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234728

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The association that we have reported about the increased odds of low birth weight among women with antenatal depressive symptoms did not replicate the findings of the recent cohort studies from Ethiopia by Hanlon C.et al [ 43 ] and Fekadu D A et al [ 44 ], which were on the impact of antenatal common mental disorders upon perinatal outcomes and the effect of antenatal depression on adverse birth outcomes respectively. These conflicting results might arise from: One, both of the previous studies reveal that the proportion of babies with LBW were 7.1% [ 43 ] and 5.25% [ 44 ], which were less as compared to that observed in our study (27.76%), Pakistan 29% [ 68 ] and Nigeria14% [ 69 ] that underpowered to detect an association between antenatal depression and low birth weight. Second, the study done by Fekadu D A et al excluded women with a severe symptoms of depression, which underestimated the effect of antenatal depression on the risk of LBW.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies from LMICs such as Pakistan [ 21 ], India [ 40 ], China [ 41 ] and Malaysia [ 42 ] pointed out that antenatal depression was associated with an increased risk of LBW. In the Ethiopian context, there are only two studies one by Hanlon C.et al [ 43 ] and the other by Fekadu DA et al [ 44 ] that stated the effect of antenatal depression on birth weight, despite the high prevalence of antenatal depression [ 45 , 46 ]. Of these, one is not specific to depression; instead, it stated the impact of antenatal common mental disorders upon perinatal outcomes [ 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight among newborns in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background There is a high prevalence of antenatal depression and low birth weight (LBW) (< 2.5 kg) in Ethiopia. Prior evidence revealed that the association between antenatal depression and LBW in high- and low-income countries is conflicting. The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight is under-researched in Ethiopia. We aimed to examine the independent effect of antenatal depression on newborn birth weight in an urban community in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A total of 970 pregnant women were screened for antenatal depression in their second and third trimester of pregnancy through the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A logistic regression model was used to adjust confounders and determine associations between antenatal depression and low birth weight. Information was collected on the birth weight of newborns and mother’s socio-demographic, anthropometric, obstetric, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. Results The cumulative incidence of LBW was found to be 27.76%. The cumulative incidence of LBW in those born from depressed pregnant women was 40% as compared to 21% in none depressed. While considering all other variables constant, mothers who had antenatal depression were 2.51 (COR = 2.51 (95 CI: 1.87, 3.37)) more likely to have a child with low birth weight. After adjusting for potential confounders, antenatal depression in the second and third trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 1.92 (95% CI: 1.31, 2.81)) remained significantly associated with LBW. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) ≤21, lack of ANC follow up, and preterm births were also associated with LBW. Conclusion This study showed that antenatal depression during the second and third trimester of pregnancy is associated with LBW of newborns and replicates results found in high-income countries. Linking early screening, detection, and treatment of antenatal depression into routine antenatal care could be essential to improve pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight among newborns in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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“…Depression during pregnancy was the primary exposure variable in this study. Most of the studies screened and reviewed in this study were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (studies in references [1,3,4,9,10,[16][17][18][19]22,23]). However, the threshold for EPDS differs from study to study.…”

Section: Depression Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untreated Depression During Pregnancy and Its Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Jahan¹,

Went²,

Sultan³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Depression is characterized by sad, irritated, or empty moods, as well as somatic and cognitive changes such as loss of concentration, anhedonia, hopelessness, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and suicidal ideation, all of which have a negative impact on an individual's ability to function. Depression that occurs during pregnancy is known as antenatal depression. The occurrence of depression during pregnancy and afterward is quite high. Women having a history of depression before pregnancy have a high probability of getting depression during pregnancy again. The purpose of the study is to review the effect of untreated depression during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. The primary outcomes of this review were the identification of studies showing the relationship between untreated depression during the pregnancy indicated by depression measures and any associated adverse birth outcomes; specifically, low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm birth, postpartum depression, and infant neurodevelopmental outcome. We reviewed 20 population-based contemporary cohort studies with a range of populations from 54 to 194,494, all of them representing the population of gestational age located in multiple jurisdictions. It was found that maternal depression during pregnancy has a positive association with preterm birth, small for gestational age, stillbirth, low birth weight, and maternal morbidity including perinatal complications, increased operative delivery, and postpartum depression. To prevent these adverse outcomes, depression should be screened, monitored, and managed appropriately keeping risk-benefit in consideration.

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“…Mothers with partners who are highly involved during pregnancy have been found to report lower levels of antenatal depression (Cheng et al, 2016 ; Maselko et al, 2019 ), whereas lower partner involvement postnatally increases the risk of postnatal depression (Lin et al, 2017 ). Research suggests that antenatal depression can negatively impact foetal development and increase the risk of preterm or still birth as well as low birth weight (Brittain et al, 2015 ; Dadi, Miller, & Mwanri, 2020 ; Dadi, Miller, Woodman, et al, 2020 ), and postnatal depression has been associated with reduced exclusive breastfeeding (Silva et al, 2017 ). In this regard, increased father involvement can positively affect child birth and developmental outcomes indirectly through improved maternal mental health (Dadi, Miller, Woodman, et al, 2020 ; Maselko et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research suggests that antenatal depression can negatively impact foetal development and increase the risk of preterm or still birth as well as low birth weight (Brittain et al, 2015 ; Dadi, Miller, & Mwanri, 2020 ; Dadi, Miller, Woodman, et al, 2020 ), and postnatal depression has been associated with reduced exclusive breastfeeding (Silva et al, 2017 ). In this regard, increased father involvement can positively affect child birth and developmental outcomes indirectly through improved maternal mental health (Dadi, Miller, Woodman, et al, 2020 ; Maselko et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Father involvement, maternal depression and child nutritional outcomes in Soweto, South Africa

Drysdale

Slemming

Makusha

et al. 2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Father involvement in South Africa is low, despite evidence that it can improve maternal and child health and wellbeing. Within a larger randomised controlled trial, we assessed whether father involvement during and after pregnancy increased birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding through improved maternal mental health. At 6‐week postnatal, mothers completed questionnaires on birth, feeding practices, social support, father involvement and postnatal depression. Father involvement during pregnancy was measured by their attendance at antenatal care and the study intervention, whereas postnatal involvement was measured by attendance at antenatal care and type of paternal support provided. Structural equation modelling was used to identify associations between father involvement, maternal depression, low birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding. Among the 212 mother–baby pairs, father involvement was very low with only 43%, 33% and 1% of partners attending early ultrasound, antenatal care and the birth of the child, respectively. Twenty‐nine percent of the mothers showed signs of depression during pregnancy, compared with 7% after birth. Eighteen percent of the infants were born low birth weight, and 57% of mothers reported exclusively breastfeeding at 6 weeks. Father involvement was directly associated with postnatal depression, but it did not directly or indirectly impact exclusive breastfeeding or low birth weight. We conclude that postnatal father involvement can improve postnatal maternal depression and that men would benefit from specific guidance on how they can support mothers during and after pregnancy.

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Effect of antenatal depression on adverse birth outcomes in Gondar town, Ethiopia: A community-based cohort study

Cited by 20 publications

References 100 publications

The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight among newborns in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based prospective cohort study

The effect of antenatal depression on birth weight among newborns in South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a population-based prospective cohort study

Untreated Depression During Pregnancy and Its Effect on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Father involvement, maternal depression and child nutritional outcomes in Soweto, South Africa

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