Effect of Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill and Perr Leaf on Hyperglycaemia and Associated Dyslipidaemia in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

People living with diabetes mellitus across the world are expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 and the pandemic disease is worst in the developing countries like Nigeria, where the cost of treating/managing diabetes mellitus is relatively out of the reach of many diabetic patients. The study investigated the effect of Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill and Perr ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and other biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetic adult male Wistar albino rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight-fasted rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats were then treated with the extract for 14 days. Blood glucose, lipid profile and liver glycogen levels were determined. After the treatment with the extract, the fasting blood glucose levels significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in treated diabetic rats (62.2 ± 18.4 mg/dl) compared to untreated diabetic rats (73.8± 8.2 mg/dl). There was also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the hyperlipidemic parameters. The results revealed that A. leiocarpus ethanolic extract has antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydro-alcoholic extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae)

“…This triglycerides level was reduced significantly in the liver of groups treated with total extract and supernatant. The in vivo potential antihyperlipidemic was also found by [ 26 ] on the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus on diabetic model of rats. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the total extract and especially supernatant may be due to the enhance of triglycerides catabolism.…”

Effect of Extract (Interface) from Stem Bark of Antidiabetic Anogeissus leiocarpus (African Birch Tree) on Random Blood Glucose Levels of Adult Female Wistar Rats: Optimisation for Therapeutic Hypoglycaemic Dose

“…The latter accelerated healing of surgically-induced deep skin wounds in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs 7 showing landmarks of enhanced inflammatory responses of healing processes 7 . The guill and perr leaf of A. leiocarpus were effective on the hyperglycaemia and the associated dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats 12 while total extract and fractions exhibited antihyperglycaemic activity in mice 13 . The attenuation of dyslipidaemia on alloxan-induced diabetic dogs 6 and rats 12 by crude ethanolic extracts of A. leiocarpus is very important, laudable and requires more attention, since different classes of glucose lowering drugs, such as sulfonyl urea and meglitnides biguanides and thiazoliniediones 14,15 controlled the hyperglycaemia but did not effectively control the hyperlipidaemia associated with the DM, apart from the toxicity and resistance some patients experienced 16 and the exorbitant costs 17,18 for developing countries.…”

“…The guill and perr leaf of A. leiocarpus were effective on the hyperglycaemia and the associated dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats 12 while total extract and fractions exhibited antihyperglycaemic activity in mice 13 . The attenuation of dyslipidaemia on alloxan-induced diabetic dogs 6 and rats 12 by crude ethanolic extracts of A. leiocarpus is very important, laudable and requires more attention, since different classes of glucose lowering drugs, such as sulfonyl urea and meglitnides biguanides and thiazoliniediones 14,15 controlled the hyperglycaemia but did not effectively control the hyperlipidaemia associated with the DM, apart from the toxicity and resistance some patients experienced 16 and the exorbitant costs 17,18 for developing countries. Due to the above-listed endowed medicinal activities and properties of A. leiocarpus, under the context of a nonconventional treatment for DM, the ethanolic extract of its stem bark was purified to the point of crystallization and four components, an interface and three fractions were produced 19 and the interface had a much higher proportion than the three other fractions 19 .…”

“…From numerous studies 3,4,5,6,7,12,13 one medicinal plant, Anogeissus leiocarpus stand out. Crude ethanolic extracts of A. leiocarpus stem bark modulated sialic acids of plasma glycoproteins and red blood cells and revealed elevated serum sialic acids as a potent biomarker, predictive and prognostic in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs 3 .…”

Antihyperglycemic activity of total extract and fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpus

“…Previous studies on roots, stem barks of the plant, revealed antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties 5,6,7 . The leaves of A. leiocarpus have been scientifically reported to decrease blood glucose effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats 8 . Roots of this plant were also reported by Kpodar et al to be used traditionally to treat people living with diabetes in Togo 9 .…”