Effect of annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol–gel dip coating method

Manickam, Kutraleeswaran; Venkatachalam, M.; Saroja, M.; Senthil, T.; Gowthaman, P.; Shanmugam, Shankar

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.651

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, neither other titania phases, rutile nor brookite were detected in the samples, proving the purity of the anatase phase. The absence of a rutile peak also agrees with the previous report that the transformation of anatase to rutile begins at 1000 °C for [11]. In addition, the crystallinity of the films also increased with increasing annealing temperature.…”

Section: Structural Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Influence of Different Annealing Temperatures on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method: Potential Application as UV Sensor

et al. 2021

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In this research, TiO2 thin films were prepared using a simple sol-gel spin coating process. The films were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Ultraviolet–visible Spectrophotometer in order to investigate the influence of different annealing temperatures to the structural and optical properties of TiO2. The surface morphology images from FE-SEM display a uniform layer of nanoparticles with a sample of 500 °C possess the most uniform and the visible spherical grain of TiO2 nanoparticles. EDX spectra confirm the presence of Ti and O elements in the samples. The structural properties from the XRD pattern demonstrate that the films are crystalline at a temperature of 500 and 600 °C and the peak (101) intensity was increased as the annealing temperature increased. They exist in the anatase phase at the preferred plane orientation of (101). The calculated crystallite size for 500 and 600 °C samples is 19.22 and 28.37 nm, respectively. The films also possessed excellent absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) region with optical band gap energy ranging from 3.32 to 3.43 eV. These results can be fundamental for the fabrication of a UV sensing device.

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Section: Structural Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Influence of Different Annealing Temperatures on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method: Potential Application as UV Sensor

et al. 2021

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“…The values of E g were remarkably decreased from 3.84 to 3.24 eV, with the increase of annealing temperature. This observation was attributed to the annealing temperature-mediated enlargement in the TiO 2 crystallite size, a phenomenon called the quantum de-confinement effect [25,26]. Present results are consistent with the reported values of E g for TiO 2 (between 3.2 to 3.8 eV) [27,28].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

et al. 2022

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High-quality titanium dioxide (TiO2 or titania) nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) with tailored morphologies are desirable for efficient photovoltaic applications. In this view, some thin films containing spherical TiO2NPs were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) and silicon (Si) substrates from titanium hydroxide Ti(OH)4 using the unified sol-gel, spray and spin coating method followed by thermal annealing at different temperatures (in the range of 200–650 °C). Samples were characterized using various analytical tools to determine the influence of annealing temperatures on their structures, morphologies, and optical and photovoltaic characteristics. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) images of the annealed films displayed the existence of spherical TiO2NPs of average size in the range of 3.2 to 33.94 nm. XRD analysis of the films showed their amorphous nature with anatase and rutile phase. Optical UV-Vis spectral analysis of the annealed films exhibited a decrease in the bandgap energy from 3.84 to 3.24 eV with the corresponding increase of annealing temperature from 200 to 650 °C. The optimum films obtained at 500 and 600 °C were utilized as electron transport layers to fabricate the metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cells. The cells’ power conversion efficiency assembled with the spherical TiO2NPs-enclosed thin films annealed at 500 and 600 °C were 1.02 and 0.28%, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that the overall properties and photovoltaic performance of the TiO2NPs-based thin films could be improved via thermal annealing.

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“…Consequently, this shift in the absorption edge indicates that the post-annealed TiO 2 has a lower band gap energy than the pristine TiO 2 [53,54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of post-annealing treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of solution-processed TiO2 thin films

El-Henawey

Kubas

El-Shaer

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Electron and hole transporting layers are considered the key element of the fabrication of a high-performance photovoltaic device. An efficient electron transport layer (ETL) must provide better electrons extraction by minimizing the charge recombination rate. In the current work, we have successfully fabricated a solution-processed titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin film using a simple deposition technique to serve as an effective ETL for photovoltaic applications. The prepared TiO 2 underwent different annealing processes during the deposition process to provide two sets of compact TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 ) thin films. The first set was annealed at a relatively low temperature (125 °C) and labeled as pristine TiO 2 , while the second set underwent an additional annealing process at 500 °C and labeled as post-annealed TiO 2 . The effect of post-annealing treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the TiO 2 layers was studied using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, UV-Vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The post-annealed TiO 2 thin film showed better crystallinity and larger grain sizes than the pristine TiO 2 . In addition, the optoelectronic investigations showed that the post-annealed TiO 2 had lower band gap energy and higher photocatalytic activity, qualifying it to act as an effective ETL. Finally, the performance of the TiO 2 electron transport layers was tested by fabricating two solar cell devices. It was found that the post-annealed TiO 2 layer exhibits a better device performance than the pristine TiO 2 by approximately a 21% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE).

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Effect of annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films synthesized by sol–gel dip coating method

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Different Annealing Temperatures on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method: Potential Application as UV Sensor

Influence of Different Annealing Temperatures on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized via Sol-Gel Method: Potential Application as UV Sensor

Photovoltaic Performance of Spherical TiO2 Nanoparticles Derived from Titanium Hydroxide Ti(OH)4: Role of Annealing Varying Temperature

The effect of post-annealing treatment on the structural and optoelectronic properties of solution-processed TiO2 thin films

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