Effect of annealing on electrical, structural, and optical properties of sol–gel ITO thin films

Hammad, Talaat M.

doi:10.1002/pssa.200881781

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some grains which were not found before heat treatment are found at the surface, indicating that heat treatment induced crystallization of sol-gel ITO. 20 Peak shifting was not observed even after adding GO or rGO into the ITO matrix. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Graphite Oxide-Indium Tin Oxide Hybrid Materials for use as a Transparent Electrode

Choi

Park

Kwon

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reduced graphite oxide (rGO)-indium tin oxide (ITO) hybrid materials suitable for spin-coating transparent electrodes were synthesized and evaluated. GO was made using a modified Hummers method and was reduced by p-phenylene diamine (PPD-rGO) or hydrazine hydrate (HYD-rGO). Raman spectra showed that the G-band of PPD-rGO or HYD-rGO down-shifted from 1599 to 1583 cm À1 and the intensity ratio of the D-band with respect to the G-band increased from 0.67 to 0.91 or 0.83, indicating the recovery of the hexagonal network of carbon atoms with defects. According to elemental analysis data, oxygen content decreased from 44.34 to 19.58 and 18.30 after GO was treated by PPD or HYD. After adding 0.66 wt % PPD-rGO or HYD-rGO into sol-gel ITO, the sheet resistance of the film decreased from 2 Â 10 3 to 1.0 Â 10 3 or 0.7 Â 10 3 X/sq, respectively. Further, transmittances as high as 87% were maintained. The operating voltage at 30 mA/cm 2 in organic light emitting diodes using hybrid materials of HYD-rGO and ITO as anodes decreased from 23.8 to 14.2 V. Luminance at 90 mA/cm 2 increased from 7500 to 11000 cd/m 2 . Therefore, rGO effectively reduces the sheet resistance of sol-gel ITO.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Graphite Oxide-Indium Tin Oxide Hybrid Materials for use as a Transparent Electrode

Choi

Park

Kwon

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6 Most TCOs require a heat treatment exceeding 300 °C to attain low resistivity and high transmission in the visible region. 7,8 The strengthening of electrical characteristics of ITO thin films by heat treatment is attributed to the elimination of localized electron traps via crystallization as well as an enhancement in charge-carrier concentration. 7 The increase in optical transmittance of the ITO thin films by heat treatment can be attributed to the increase in structural homogeneity and crystallinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 The increase in optical transmittance of the ITO thin films by heat treatment can be attributed to the increase in structural homogeneity and crystallinity. 8 This high-temperature necessity can degrade the performance of organic devices and ARTICLE avs.scitation.org/journal/jvb deform plastic substrates. 6,9,10 Multilayer TCOs have been studied extensively in recent decades as one of the promising candidates to overcome such issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced optoelectronic properties of magnetron sputtered ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers by electro-annealing

Uyanik

Turkoglu

Köseoğlu

et al. 2022

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indium tin oxide/silver/indium tin oxide (ITO/Ag/ITO) multilayers have attracted much attention to fulfill the growing need for high-performance transparent conducting oxide electrodes. To make these transparent multilayers work better, electro-annealing, which is a method of self-heating by electric current, can be effective. Moreover, the effect of current on ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers should be investigated to make sure that electronic devices will be reliable over their lifetime. In this study, ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes with varying Ag thicknesses were grown by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of these multilayers were investigated before and after electro-annealing. Measurement results revealed that improved optical transmittance and sheet resistance can be obtained by the optimization of Ag thickness for the as-grown ITO/Ag/ITO layers. The highest figure of merit (FoM) value of 17.37 × 10−3 Ω−1 with optical transmittance of 85.15% in the visible region and sheet resistance of 11.54 Ω/□ was obtained for the Ag thickness of 16.5 nm for as-grown samples. The electro-annealing of as-grown ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers led to improved optical behavior of the multilayer structure over a wide spectral range, especially in the near-infrared range. Electro-annealing also provided an improvement in the crystallinity and sheet resistance of the electrodes. The improvement of the electrical and optical properties of the structure enabled a FoM of 23.07 × 10−3 Ω−1 with the optical transmittance of 86.80% in the visible region and sheet resistance of 10.52 Ω/□. The findings of this work provide proper knowledge of the properties of ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers under electrical current and suggest that the overall performance of the multilayers can be improved by the electro-annealing process.

show abstract

“…TCFs possess both optical transparency and good electrical conductivity; hence, they have recently emerged as important materials in the optoelectronic field. Many types of TCFs exist nowadays; however, fluorine tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) have been the most commonly used, due to their high transparencies, electrical conductivities, and chemical stabilities [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Unfortunately, TCFs based on ITO have a relatively high cost (indium is a rare-earth resource), and TCFs based on FTO have structural defects (e.g., voids forming between the film and its substrate during deposition) that decrease their electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity Measurement of Transparent Conductive Films Based on Carbon Nanoparticles

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transparent conductive films are fundamental materials, currently used in several fields. Recently, due to their unique multifunctional properties, composite materials have started to be used in place of fluorine tin oxide and indium tin oxide in transparent conductive electrodes. However, the production of composite materials is still complicated and involves toxic chemicals. Through a simple and environmentally-friendly method, we synthesized new composite materials—conductive, transparent, and flexible films—that can be applied to the production of modern optoelectronic devices. An even dispersion of the nanoparticles was achieved by ultrasound excitation. Moreover, a series of morphological and structural investigations were conducted on the films by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrical conductivity, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and testing their sheet resistance. The results indicated that the tested composite materials were ideal for film coating. The nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes presented the highest electrical conductivity; nevertheless, all the composite nanofluids tended to have relatively high electrical conductivities. The flexible films with composite structures presented lower sheet resistances than those with single structures. Finally, the hybrid materials showed a higher transmittance.

show abstract

Effect of annealing on electrical, structural, and optical properties of sol–gel ITO thin films

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Reduced Graphite Oxide-Indium Tin Oxide Hybrid Materials for use as a Transparent Electrode

Reduced Graphite Oxide-Indium Tin Oxide Hybrid Materials for use as a Transparent Electrode

Enhanced optoelectronic properties of magnetron sputtered ITO/Ag/ITO multilayers by electro-annealing

Electrical Conductivity Measurement of Transparent Conductive Films Based on Carbon Nanoparticles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About