Effect of anneal temperature on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) nanostructured fabricated using hydrothermal method

Ahmad, Mohd Khairul; Marzuki, Nur Ayuni; Soon, Chin Fhong; Nayan, Nafarizal; Sanudin, Rahmat; Suriani, A. B.; Mohamed, Azmi; Shimomura, Masaru; Murakami, Kenji; Mamat, M. H.; Malek, M. F.

doi:10.1063/1.4968297

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, we characterize the crystallinity of the three TCOs using X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization (Figure S4a). In line with the literature, ITO and IO:H TCOs are crystalline with preferential orientation along their (222) planes, whereas FTO is crystalline with a dominant orientation along its (110) plane . The high crystallinity of IO:H observed from the XRD measurements is indicative of larger crystallites compared to the commercial ITO.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In line with the literature, ITO and IO:H TCOs are crystalline with preferential orientation along their (222) planes, 40 whereas FTO is crystalline with a dominant orientation along its (110) plane. 45 The high crystallinity of IO:H observed from the XRD measurements is indicative of larger crystallites compared to the commercial ITO. An analysis on the XRD reflection peaks of the TCOs (see the Supporting Information for details) confirms that, compared to the commercial ITO, the in-house sputtered IO:H layer possesses considerably sharper reflection peaks with reduced full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and larger crystallites (Table S2).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Moghadamzadeh

Hossain

Loy

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Narrow-band gap (NBG) Sn−Pb perovskites with band gaps of ∼1.2 eV, which correspond to a broad photon absorption range up to ∼1033 nm, are highly promising candidates for bottom solar cells in all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics. To exploit their potential, avoiding optical losses in the top layer stacks of the tandem configuration is essential. This study addresses this challenge in two ways (1) removing the hole-transport layer (HTL) and (2) implementing highly transparent hydrogen-doped indium oxide In 2 O 3 :H (IO:H) electrodes instead of the commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO). Removing HTL reduces parasitic absorption loss in shorter wavelengths without compromising the photovoltaic performance. IO:H, with an ultra-low near-infrared optical loss and a high charge carrier mobility, results in a remarkable increase in the photocurrent of the semitransparent top and (HTL-free) NBG bottom perovskite solar cells when substituted for ITO. As a result, an IO:H-based four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell (4T all-PTSCs) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 24.8% is demonstrated, outperforming ITObased 4T all-PTSCs with PCE up to 23.3%.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Moghadamzadeh

Hossain

Loy

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Figure 3b,c reveals the analyzed spatial displacement (deformation), strain and stress across the Cu:NiO x /FTO/glass multilayer when annealed at 400 • C. Figure 3b shows that the Cu:NiO x layer formed would not extensively deform the multilayer. The FTO layer experiences the highest strains and stresses from the heating while the glass substrate is observed to withstand most of the thermal stresses and strains achieved in Figure 3c,d [45]. This method of fabricating the Cu:NiO x HTL can also be translated onto a polymeric or flexible substrate on the condition that their thermal capacity can accommodate the high temperatures utilized here.…”

Section: Finite Element Analysis Using Abaqus/caementioning

confidence: 84%

A Hybrid Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the effect of a composite poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate PEDOT:PSS and copper-doped nickel oxide (Cu:NiOx) hole transport layer (HTL) on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Thin films of Cu:NiOx were spin-coated onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates using a blend of nickel acetate tetrahydrate, 2-methoxyethanol and monoethanolamine (MEA) and copper acetate monohydrate. The prepared solution was stirred at 65 °C for 4 h and spin-coated onto the FTO substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 s in a nitrogen glovebox. The Cu:NiOx/FTO/glass structure was then annealed in air at 400 °C for 30 min. A mixture of PEDOT:PSS and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (in 1:0.05 wt%) was spun onto the Cu:NiOx/FTO/glass substrate at 4000 rpm for 60 s. The multilayer structure was annealed at 130 °C for 15 min. Subsequently, the perovskite precursor (0.95 M) of methylammonium iodide (MAI) to lead acetate trihydrate (Pb(OAc)2·3H2O) was spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 200 s and thermally annealed at 80 °C for 12 min. The inverted planar perovskite solar cells were then fabricated by the deposition of a photoactive layer (CH3NH3PbI3), [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and a Ag electrode. The mechanical behavior of the device during the fabrication of the Cu:NiOx HTL was modeled with finite element simulations using Abaqus/Complete Abaqus Environment CAE. The results show that incorporating Cu:NiOx into the PSC device improves its density–voltage (J–V) behavior, giving an enhanced photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of ~12.8% from ~9.8% and ~11.5% when PEDOT:PSS-only and Cu:NiOx-only are fabricated, respectively. The short circuit current density Jsc for the 0.1 M Cu:NiOx and 0.2 M Cu:NiOx-based devices increased by 18% and 9%, respectively, due to the increase in the electrical conductivity of the Cu:NiOx which provides room for more charges to be extracted out of the absorber layer. The increases in the PCEs were due to the copper-doped nickel oxide blend with the PEDOT:PSS which enhanced the exciton density and charge transport efficiency leading to higher electrical conductivity. The results indicate that the devices with the copper-doped nickel oxide hole transport layer (HTL) are slower to degrade compared with the PEDOT:PSS-only-based HTL. The finite element analyses show that the Cu:NiOx layer would not extensively deform the device, leading to improved stability and enhanced performance. The implications of the results are discussed for the design of low-temperature solution-processed PSCs with copper-doped nickel oxide composite HTLs.

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“…In metal-semiconductor and metal-insulator-semiconductor structures, the metallic opaque layer can be substituted with an FTO layer [21]. FTO films can be deposited using various techniques, including sputtering, sol-gel process, spray pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), dip coating, inkjet printing, magnetron sputtering, and hydrothermal method [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Among these techniques, spray pyrolysis offers several advantages, making it an easily adoptable and cost-effective option for industry applications [3,7,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films deposited by pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: a direct comparison

Ramírez-Amador

Alvarado

Martínez-Hernández

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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A comparative analysis was performed of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films deposited through two different systems: pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The films were deposited on glass substrates at 460 °C, with varying weight ratios of fluorine to tin (F/Sn = 0.35, F/Sn = 0.50, and F/Sn = 0.65). The investigation focuses on the evolution of the film’s crystallinity, structural, morphological, transmittance, optical, and electrical properties. Resonant nuclear reaction (RNR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to confirm the presence of fluorine in the FTO samples. The results show that the sample with F/Sn = 0.50 deposited through pneumatic spray pyrolysis, with a figure of merit of 34.5 × 10−3 Ω−1, exhibits the best characteristics for use as electrodes in optoelectronic devices, particularly in the fabrication of solar cells.

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Effect of anneal temperature on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) nanostructured fabricated using hydrothermal method

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

A Hybrid Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Study of fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films deposited by pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: a direct comparison

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Effect of anneal temperature on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) nanostructured fabricated using hydrothermal method

Cited by 4 publications

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In2O3:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

In2O3:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

A Hybrid Hole Transport Layer for Perovskite-Based Solar Cells

Study of fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films deposited by pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: a direct comparison

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Product

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In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

In₂O₃:H-Based Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Tin/Lead Perovskite Solar Cells for Efficient Four-Terminal All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells