Effect of animal mixing as a stressor on biomarkers of autophagy and oxidative stress during pig muscle maturation

Rubio-González, Adrian; Potes, Yaiza; Illán-Rodríguez, D.; Vega‐Naredo, Ignacio; Sierra, Verónica; Caballero, Beatriz; Fàbrega, E.; Velarde, Antonio; Dalmau, Antoni; Oliván, Mamen; Coto‐Montes, Ana

doi:10.1017/s1751731115000518

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the course of infection in different species can be very different. Biomarkers from muscle tissue have also recently been used to detect harmful or stressful situations that may affect animal welfare and meat quality prior to slaughter (Rubio-González et al, 2015). Results reported by this latter study suggested that mixing unfamiliar animals at the farm or at the slaughter house can increase oxidative stress and autophagy in muscle tissue (Rubio-González et al, 2015).…”

Section: Molecular Biomarkers In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Biomarkers from muscle tissue have also recently been used to detect harmful or stressful situations that may affect animal welfare and meat quality prior to slaughter (Rubio-González et al, 2015). Results reported by this latter study suggested that mixing unfamiliar animals at the farm or at the slaughter house can increase oxidative stress and autophagy in muscle tissue (Rubio-González et al, 2015). Biomarkers for autophagy include the Beclin1 gene which show an increase in activity under more stressful conditions and could be useful for detecting inappropriate strategies which lead to animal stress and poorer meat quality.…”

Section: Molecular Biomarkers In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs

Giles

Belkhiri

Barrow

et al. 2017

Research in Veterinary Science

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Production disease in pigs is caused by a variety of different pathogens, mainly enteric and respiratory and can result in significant economic loss. Other factors such as stress, poor husbandry and nutrition can also contribute to an animal's susceptibility to disease. Molecular biomarkers of production disease could be of immense value by improving diagnosis and risk analysis to determine best practice with an impact on increased economic output and animal welfare. In addition to the use of multiplex PCR or microarrays to detect individual or mixed pathogens during infection, these technologies can also be used to monitor the host response to infection via gene expression. The patterns of gene expression associated with cellular damage or initiation of the early immune response may indicate the type of pathology and, by extension the types of pathogen involved. Molecular methods can therefore be used to monitor both the presence of a pathogen and the host response to it during production disease. The field of biomarker discovery and implementation is expanding as technologies such as microarrays and next generation sequencing become more common. Whilst a large number of studies have been carried out in human medicine, further work is needed to identify molecular biomarkers in veterinary medicine and in particular those associated with production disease in the pig industry. The pig transcriptome is highly complex and still not fully understood. Further gene expression studies are needed to identify molecular biomarkers which may have predictive value in identifying the environmental, nutritional and other risk factors which are associated with production diseases in pigs.

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Section: Molecular Biomarkers In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Molecular Biomarkers In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs

Giles

Belkhiri

Barrow

et al. 2017

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…It is very likely that pigs from different farms were exposed to different pathogens. Transport in combination with formation of new groups [25] can cause stress for the animals, and can increase the risk of disease occurrence. This first risk factor was associated with the number of supplying farms, and whether the suppliers changed over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for oral antimicrobial consumption in Swiss fattening pig farms – a case–control study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAntimicrobial consumption in veterinary medicine is of great importance. Increased awareness by the public and media has led to demands for decreased use of antimicrobials in pigs. This study aimed to identify risk factors for regular oral antimicrobial consumption in Swiss fattening pig farms, and to quantify the amount of antimicrobial active substances administered orally to pigs at the farm level.ResultsA case–control study was performed on 99 fattening farms between May 2014 and January 2015. Seventy-two case farms (with oral group treatment of antimicrobials in at least 50 % of pigs) and 27 control farms (with no regular oral group treatment) were visited once during the study. Data about potential risk factors and antimicrobial consumption were collected by questionnaire. Antimicrobial consumption was recorded and treatment incidence (TI) was calculated for all farms over a one year period. Sulphonamides and tetracyclines were the antimicrobials consumed in the greatest quantity. The median TI for oral antimicrobial use in the case group was 224.7. In the control group, the median TI was 0 for oral antimicrobial use, with values ranging from 0 to 140.1. In a multivariable regression model, seven risk factors associated with regular oral antimicrobial group treatment were identified: mixing pigs from different suppliers within the same pen, absence of a work protocol that ensures treating of healthy pigs before sick pigs, distance to next pig farm < 500 metres, external analysis of production parameters, no availability of dirty visitor boots, the farmer not working on other farms, and no application of homoeopathic agents.ConclusionsThe results of this study point out the importance of increasing farmers’ awareness of good farming practices and biosecurity. Important recommendations for decreasing oral antimicrobial consumption identified by this study include avoiding mixing pigs from different suppliers in the same pen and strictly handling sick pigs after healthy ones. Improvements in these areas could enhance the overall health of pigs and thereby reduce the consumption of antimicrobials on pig farms.

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“…It is well known that pigs are social and under some circumstances hierarchical animals [1], hence mixing unfamiliar animals on the same pen produce a stressful situation with physiological consequences on the individuals [2–6]. Furthermore, there is considerable research interest in human-animal relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on pig immunophysiology, PBMC proteome and brain neurotransmitters caused by group mixing stress and human-animal relationship

et al. 2017

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are an interesting sample for searching for biomarkers with proteomic techniques because they are easy to obtain and do not contain highly abundant, potentially masking proteins. Two groups of pigs (n = 56) were subjected to mixing under farm conditions and afterwards subjected to different management treatments: negative handling (NH) and positive handling (PH). Serum and PBMC samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment one week after mixing (t0) and after two months of different handling (t2). Brain areas were collected after slaughter and neurotransmitters quantified by HPLC. Hair cortisol and serum acute phase proteins decreased and serum glutathione peroxidase increased at t2, indicating a lower degree of stress at t2 after adaptation to the farm. Differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was applied to study the effects of time and treatment on the PBMC proteome. A total of 54 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were involved in immune system modulation, cell adhesion and motility, gene expression, splicing and translation, protein degradation and folding, oxidative stress and metabolism. Thirty-seven protein spots were up-regulated at t2 versus t0 whereas 27 were down-regulated. Many of the identified proteins share the characteristic of being potentially up or down-regulated by cortisol, indicating that changes in protein abundance between t0 and t2 are, at least in part, consequence of lower stress upon adaptation to the farm conditions after group mixing. Only slight changes in brain neurotransmitters and PBMC oxidative stress markers were observed. In conclusion, the variation in hair cortisol and serum APPs as well as the careful analysis of the identified proteins indicate that changes in protein composition in PBMC throughout time is mainly due to a decrease in the stress status of the individuals, following accommodation to the farm and the new group.

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Effect of animal mixing as a stressor on biomarkers of autophagy and oxidative stress during pig muscle maturation

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs

Molecular approaches to the diagnosis and monitoring of production diseases in pigs

Risk factors for oral antimicrobial consumption in Swiss fattening pig farms – a case–control study

Effects on pig immunophysiology, PBMC proteome and brain neurotransmitters caused by group mixing stress and human-animal relationship

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