Effect of Anesthetic and Convulsant Barbiturates on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Calcium Flux in Brain Membrane Vesicles

Daniell, Laura C.

doi:10.1159/000139246

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Phenobarbital has been used in some of the initial trials of pharmacotherapy for alcohol withdrawal and, in some studies, has been found to be superior to diazepam (56,67). Mechanistically, it is synergistic with benzodiazepines for GABA-A activation and in animals is capable of weakly inhibiting stimulatory NMDA receptors providing another potential benefit (68,69). The onset of action of a dose of phenobarbital is 20 -30 mins; therefore, caution must be used in dosing administration to avoid redosing before the peak affects have been achieved from the initial dose (67,70).…”

Section: Alternative Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit

Sarff

Gold

2010

Critical Care Medicine

106

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This article reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit as well as the literature on the optimal pharmacologic strategies for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the critically ill. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit mirrors that of the general acute care wards and detoxification centers. In addition to adequate supportive care, benzodiazepines administered in a symptom-triggered fashion, guided by the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol scale, revised (CIWA-Ar), still seem to be the optimal strategy in the intensive care unit. In cases of benzodiazepine resistance, numerous options are available, including high individual doses of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and propofol. Intensivists should be familiar with the diagnosis and treatment strategies for alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit.

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Section: Alternative Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit

Sarff

Gold

2010

Critical Care Medicine

106

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“…The barbiturate phenobarbital likewise acts on the glutamatergic system. This anesthetic inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx (Daniell, 1994) and binding (Silva-Brum and Elisabetsky, 2000). Concomitant with phenobarbital binding to the GABAA receptor is an inhbition of AMPA receptor function (Joo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Actions Of Isoflurane and Phenobarbital Outside Of The Gabaementioning

confidence: 99%

Response to neonatal anesthesia: Effect of sex on anatomical and behavioral outcome

2008

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Numerous studies have documented the consequences of exposure to anesthesia in models of term and post-term infants, evaluating the incidence of cell loss, physiological alterations and cognitive dysfunction. However, surprisingly few studies have investigated the effect of anesthetic exposure on outcomes in newborn rodents, the developmental equivalent of premature human infants. This is critical given that one out of every eight babies born in the United States is premature, with an increased prevalence of surgical procedures required in these individuals. Also, no studies have investigated if the genetic sex of the individual influences the response to neonatal anesthesia. Using the newborn rat as the developmental equivalent of the premature human, we documented the effect of a single bout of exposure to either the inhalant isoflurane or the injectable barbiturate phenobarbital on hippocampal anatomy, hippocampal dependent behavioral performance and normal developmental endpoints in male and female rats. While both forms of anesthesia led to significant decrements in cognitive abilities, along with a significant reduction in volume and neuron number in the hippocampus in adulthood, the decrements were significantly greater in males than in females. Interestingly, the deleterious effects of anesthesia were manifest on developmental measures including surface righting and forelimb grasp, but were not evident on basic physiological parameters including body weight or suckling. These findings point to the hazardous effects of exposure to anesthesia on the developing central nervous system and the particular sensitivity of males to deficits.

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“…In addition to anesthesia some of the barbiturates also induce convulsions (Daniell, 1994). Pentobarbital was used for many years as a soporific and anesthetic agent (O’Beirne et al, 1987) and has been suggested to be suitable for anesthesia of Biomphalaria tenagophila and B. glabrata (Martins-Sousa et al, 2001).…”

Section: Actions Of Clinical Anesthetics On Gastropod Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

et al. 2018

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Recent progress in animal welfare legislation stresses the need to treat cephalopod molluscs, such as Octopus vulgaris, humanely, to have regard for their wellbeing and to reduce their pain and suffering resulting from experimental procedures. Thus, appropriate measures for their sedation and analgesia are being introduced. Clinical anesthetics are renowned for their ability to produce unconsciousness in vertebrate species, but their exact mechanisms of action still elude investigators. In vertebrates it can prove difficult to specify the differences of response of particular neuron types given the multiplicity of neurons in the CNS. However, gastropod molluscs such as Aplysia, Lymnaea, or Helix, with their large uniquely identifiable nerve cells, make studies on the cellular, subcellular, network and behavioral actions of anesthetics much more feasible, particularly as identified cells may also be studied in culture, isolated from the rest of the nervous system. To date, the sorts of study outlined above have never been performed on cephalopods in the same way as on gastropods. However, criteria previously applied to gastropods and vertebrates have proved successful in developing a method for humanely anesthetizing Octopus with clinical doses of isoflurane, i.e., changes in respiratory rate, color pattern and withdrawal responses. However, in the long term, further refinements will be needed, including recordings from the CNS of intact animals in the presence of a variety of different anesthetic agents and their adjuvants. Clues as to their likely responsiveness to other appropriate anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants can be gained from background studies on gastropods such as Lymnaea, given their evolutionary history.

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Effect of Anesthetic and Convulsant Barbiturates on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Calcium Flux in Brain Membrane Vesicles

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit

Alcohol withdrawal syndromes in the intensive care unit

Response to neonatal anesthesia: Effect of sex on anatomical and behavioral outcome

Sense and Insensibility – An Appraisal of the Effects of Clinical Anesthetics on Gastropod and Cephalopod Molluscs as a Step to Improved Welfare of Cephalopods

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