Effect of Andrographolide on Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression at the Initiation Stage of Atherosclerosis in Atherogenic Diet-Fed Rats

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of andrographolide on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression at the initiation stage of atherosclerosis in rats induced by an atherogenic diet. The research was conducted on 27 rats divided into 3 groups (n=9). Group 1 was given a standard diet. Group 2 was given an atherogenic diet of vitamin D3 700.000 IU/kg on the first day followed by 5% goat fat, 2% cholesterol, 0.2% cholic acid and standard diet up to 100% for 2 days to induce atherosclerosis initiation stage. Group 3 was given an atherogenic diet and treated with andrographolide 40 mg/kg. An immunohistochemical examination was performed to determine the expression of MCP-1. Data analysis using one-way Anova followed by post hoc test. The results showed the expression of MCP-1 in group 1 was 6.61 + 1.90, in group 2 was 32.99 + 3.74 and in group 3 was 9.61 + 2.47. There was a significant difference between group 3 treated with andrographolide 40 mg/kg compared with group 2 (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between group 3 treated with andrographolide 40 mg/kg and group 1 (p>0.05). In conclusion, andrographolide may inhibit MCP-1 expression at the initiation stage of atherosclerosis in the andrographolide treated rats. Thus, andrographolide could be a potential anti-atherosclerosis drug.

Novel wine in an old bottle: Preventive and therapeutic potentials of andrographolide in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

“…The anti-CHD effect of AG was associated with its regulation of the PPAR, NF-κB, PAI-1, PGI2 and TxA2 pathways. Moreover, AG possessed anti-cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral ischemia activities by regulating the ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin 5 and JNK1/2 pathways [ 90 , 92 , 98 , 105 , 112 , 115 , 120 , 121 , 124 , 159 , 162 , 165 , 172 , [177] , [178] , [179] , [180] , [181] , [182] , [183] ]. Based on the aforementioned studies in vivo and in vitro, targets that can be directly regulated by AG for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD include SREBPs, ERK1/2, NOS, NF-κB, HIF-1α, ROS, PI3K, AKT, etc.…”

“…Meanwhile, there was almost no plaque accumulation in the aortic root of apolipoprote E-deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice after AG treatment (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) [ 122 ]. In addition, AG (40 mg/kg) reduced the accumulation of foam cells in atherogenic diet induced rat aortic lesions [ 123 , 124 ].…”

Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Bakau (Rhizophora sp) terhadap Ekspresi Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 pada Aorta Tikus Aterosklerosis

“…Pada penelitian ini andrographolide dapat mengurangi pembentukan sel busa pada tahap awal aterosklerosis. 24,25…”