Abstract:in non-uniformity of the composite and hence changes its properties. This non-uniformity could be overcome by incorporating a suitable adhesion promoter and/or a coupling agent. Although titanate coupling agents are used in this study was aimed at incorporating a CA to natural rubber (NR) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blend through calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 effect of CA loading on properties of the composites. In this hundred parts of polymer). CaCO 3 loading was kept constant at 20 pphp. Brabender plast… Show more
“…Besides researches of LDUPR and fiber reinforced LDUPR, it is essential to incorporate fillers, such as calcium carbonate, silica, talc, alumina hydrates into resin to reduce the cost of composites and to improve the mechanical properties of composites [7,8]. Calcium carbonate is the most commercial inorganic filler exhibiting high volume, low cost, good stability, nontoxic, and non-black specialties [9][10][11].…”
Incorporation of different fine grain calcium carbonate into CaCO 3 /low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) composites was studied and evident mechanical enhancement of CaCO 3 on composites was investigated. Preliminary experiment results indicated that proper content of CaCO 3 was less than 30.00 phr (parts per hundreds of resin), suitable preparation temperature range was from 72.0°C to 80.0°C, and initiator content was 1.80 phr. Optimal preparation conditions of CaCO 3 /LDUPR samples were obtained with the presence of 25.00 phr CaCO 3 and 2.50 phr NH 4 HCO 3 at 76.0°C based on preliminary experiments. The lowest apparent density of A-CaCO 3 /LDUPR composite was 0.53±0.02 g·cm −3 with a compressive strength of 20.27±0.51 MPa·g −1 ·cm 3 , and the highest specific compressive strength of the sample was 38.25±1.43 MPa·g −1 ·cm 3 . It is attributed to the hindrance to cross-linking between unsaturated polyester and styrene, and to the decrease of exothermic heat of the polymerization, which was caused by the existence of CaCO 3 . Unusual matrix microstructure with regular ripples and dimples formed by CaCO 3 , and the particular mechanical enhancement of regular ripples and dimples in composites were explored. 'CaCO 3 reefs' concept, reefs-induced ripples, dimples of streams flowing, and resolution of external force with major force further being consumed models comprised the regulated mechanical enhancement of CaCO 3 in CaCO 3 /LDUPR composites. This particular polymerization retarding and mechanical strengthening were obvious for the finest grain CaCO
“…Besides researches of LDUPR and fiber reinforced LDUPR, it is essential to incorporate fillers, such as calcium carbonate, silica, talc, alumina hydrates into resin to reduce the cost of composites and to improve the mechanical properties of composites [7,8]. Calcium carbonate is the most commercial inorganic filler exhibiting high volume, low cost, good stability, nontoxic, and non-black specialties [9][10][11].…”
Incorporation of different fine grain calcium carbonate into CaCO 3 /low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) composites was studied and evident mechanical enhancement of CaCO 3 on composites was investigated. Preliminary experiment results indicated that proper content of CaCO 3 was less than 30.00 phr (parts per hundreds of resin), suitable preparation temperature range was from 72.0°C to 80.0°C, and initiator content was 1.80 phr. Optimal preparation conditions of CaCO 3 /LDUPR samples were obtained with the presence of 25.00 phr CaCO 3 and 2.50 phr NH 4 HCO 3 at 76.0°C based on preliminary experiments. The lowest apparent density of A-CaCO 3 /LDUPR composite was 0.53±0.02 g·cm −3 with a compressive strength of 20.27±0.51 MPa·g −1 ·cm 3 , and the highest specific compressive strength of the sample was 38.25±1.43 MPa·g −1 ·cm 3 . It is attributed to the hindrance to cross-linking between unsaturated polyester and styrene, and to the decrease of exothermic heat of the polymerization, which was caused by the existence of CaCO 3 . Unusual matrix microstructure with regular ripples and dimples formed by CaCO 3 , and the particular mechanical enhancement of regular ripples and dimples in composites were explored. 'CaCO 3 reefs' concept, reefs-induced ripples, dimples of streams flowing, and resolution of external force with major force further being consumed models comprised the regulated mechanical enhancement of CaCO 3 in CaCO 3 /LDUPR composites. This particular polymerization retarding and mechanical strengthening were obvious for the finest grain CaCO
“…Literature reports that both hardness and tensile strength of rubber composites increase with crosslink density at lower crosslink densities. 23,34 Therefore, an increasing trend in tensile strength is also expected with the increase of Cu-g-graphite loading.Figure 6.Hardness of Cu-g-graphite/NR composites.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…Further, NR has been extensively studied due to its wide usage in tyre production. 23 In this study, copper (Cu) grafted graphite was synthesised as a filler material to incorporate into the NR matrix. Cu is one of the most important components in next-generation flexible and wearable electronics due to their superior electrical conductivity and remarkable mechanical flexibility.…”
Conductive polymer composites, which are extensively applied in the fields of sensors, batteries, memory materials, etc. possess some significant properties mainly high electrical conductivity and good mechanical performance. In this study, copper (Cu) was grafted onto the graphite surface according to a chemical process. The Cu-grafted graphite (Cu-g-graphite) was characterized via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the analysis proved that Cu was successfully grafted onto the graphite surface. Subsequently, natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by varying the Cu-g-graphite loading from 0 phr (parts per hundred rubber) to 10 phr at 2 phr intervals. The 8 phr Cu-g-graphite filled NR composite showed better physico-mechanical properties in comparison with the other Cu-g-graphite composites and the NR composite prepared without Cu-g-graphite (control). Also, the former composite showed better thermal ageing and electrical conductivity which are requirements for sensor applications. Further, electrical conductivity of the Cu-g-graphite/NR composites prepared with greater than 4 phr loading of Cu-g-graphite was at a high level. Furthermore, the Cu-g-graphite filled NR composites indicated a remarkable improvement in electrical conductivity compared to that of the control. Finally, the performance of NR composite prepared with 8 phr loading of Cu-g-graphite in overall showed a considerable level of applicability for high electrical, thermal and physico-mechanical polymeric applications.
“…Hence, 10 phr PEG-g-Graphite loaded composite shows the highest toughness, which is indicated by the highest area under the stress-strain curve. In addition, the area under this curve represents the elastic potential energy of a polymeric material (Sampath et al, 2019a;2019b). Hence, the composite prepared with 10 phr loading of PEG-g-Graphite shows a higher elastic potential energy per unit volume (4873.5 × 10 6 Jm -3 ) than the other composites.…”
Section: Physico-mechanical Properties Of Peg-g-graphite/ Nr Compositesmentioning
Modified graphite has attracted considerable interest over recent years due to its surface functionality and better dispersibility with polymeric materials. Incorporation of a small quantity of modified graphite filler into polymer can create novel composites with improved properties. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted onto the graphite surface in the presence of maleic anhydride (MAH). The PEG-grafted graphite (PEG-g-Graphite) was characterized via Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the analysis proved that PEG was successfully grafted onto the graphite surface. Subsequently, natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by varying the PEG-g-Graphite loading from 0 phr (parts per hundred rubber) to 10 phr at 2 phr intervals. The 10 phr PEG-g-Graphite filled NR composite showed an increment in scorch time and cure time in comparison to the NR composite prepared without PEG-g-Graphite (control). Further, heat resistance of the PEG-g-Graphite/NR composites prepared with 8 and 10 phr loadings of PEG-g-Graphite was at a high level. Due to sheet resistance, values of the 10 phr loading of PEG-g-Graphite and the control composites were 2 × 10 5 and 3.9 × 10 7 ohms/square, respectively. The NR composite prepared with 10 phr loading of PEG-g-Graphite could be suitable for high electrical conductive polymeric applications.
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