Effect of an ethanol cross-linker on universal adhesive

Comba, Allegra; Maravić, Tatjana; Villalta, Virginia; Tozzola, Serena; Mazzitelli, Claudia Alejandra; Checchi, Vittorio; Mancuso, Edoardo; Scotti, Nicola; Tay, Franklin R.; Breschi, Lorenzo; Mazzoni, Annalisa

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.004

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…An advantage of cross-linkers over MMP inhibitors is that they possess a dual protection role. On one hand, they cross-link and reinforce collagen molecules, and on the other, they inactivate MMPs (Bedran-Russo et al 2008; Bedran-Russo et al 2010; Cova et al 2011; Mazzoni et al 2013; Tjäderhane et al 2013; Bedran-Russo et al 2014; Breschi et al 2018; Comba et al 2020). Specifically, EDC reacts with the carboxyl group on the C-terminus of 1 polypeptide chain, forming an intermediate that reacts with the amino group on the N-terminus of a neighboring polypeptide chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable efforts have been invested in developing strategies to minimize HL degradation over time, with recent emphasis on biomodification of tooth tissues (Bedran-Russo et al 2014). Cross-linkers covalently bond collagen molecules, not only increasing the resistance of the resin-sparse, water-rich collagen matrix within the HL against enzymatic degradation, but inactivating dentinal MMPs as well (Bedran-Russo et al 2008; Bedran-Russo et al 2010; Cova et al 2011; Mazzoni et al 2013; Tjäderhane et al 2013; Bedran-Russo et al 2014; Maravic, Breschi, et al 2017; Breschi et al 2018; Comba et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years

et al. 2021

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Carbodiimide (EDC)–based dentin primers preserve hybrid layer (HL) integrity. However, aging >1 y has not been investigated. The present study examined whether the cross-linking effect of EDC was reflected in dentin bond strength, endogenous enzymatic activity, and the chemical profile of the HL after 5-y aging in artificial saliva. Noncarious human third molars ( N = 42) were cut to expose middle/deep coronal dentin and treated as follows: group 1, dentin etched with 35% H3PO4, pretreated with a 0.3M aqueous EDC primer for 1 min and restored with XP Bond (Dentsply Sirona); group 2, as in group 1 but without EDC pretreatment; group 3, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray-Noritake) primer applied to dentin surface, followed by EDC pretreatment as in group 1 and application of bond; group 4, as in group 3 without EDC pretreatment. After composite buildup, the specimens were cut into sticks or slabs, depending on the experiment. All tests were performed at baseline (T0) and after 5 y of aging (T5) in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Endogenous enzymatic activity was investigated with in situ zymography. The chemical profile of HL was determined via Raman spectroscopy. Three-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to analyze µTBS and in situ zymography data (α = 0.05). EDC pretreatment and aging significantly influenced µTBS and in situ zymography results ( P < 0.05). Higher bond strength and lower gelatinolytic activity were identified in the EDC-treated groups at T5 ( P < 0.05), especially in the etch-and-rinse groups. Raman spectra revealed less defined amide III peaks in control specimens at T5. The EDC cross-linking effect persisted in the HL for 5 y in terms of bond strength, collagen structure preservation, and dentinal enzyme silencing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, it is possible that the MMPs exhibit different functions and levels of activity in primary and permanent dentine, which might have implications in everyday clinical practice. It has been reported that endogenous dentine MMP expression and activation contribute to degradation of the hybrid layer in permanent dentine [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. It is not uncommon to over-etch when using etch-and-rinse adhesives, creating an etching depth that is beyond the depth of infiltration of adhesive resin monomers into the demineralised collagen matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Enzymatic Activity of Primary and Permanent Dentine

et al. 2021

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tooth development and influence caries development and hybrid layer degradation. Literature is scant on the differences in the activity of MMPs between primary and permanent dentine. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate endogenous gelatinolytic activity in primary and permanent dentine. Separate batches of dentine powder were obtained from intact human primary and permanent molars (n = 6). Each batch was divided in two subgroups: (1) mineralised; and (2) demineralised with 10% H3PO4. After protein extraction, gelatine zymography was performed. Furthermore, in situ zymography was performed on dentine sections of the same groups (n = 3). The slices were polished, covered with fluorescein-conjugated gelatine and evaluated using a confocal microscope. In situ zymography data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Holm–Šidák statistics (α = 0.05). Primary dentine showed poorly defined bands in the zymograms that vaguely corresponded to the pro-form and active form of MMP-2 and the pro-form of MMP-9. In permanent dentine, demineralised powder demonstrated stronger gelatinolytic activity than mineralised powder. In situ zymography identified stronger enzymatic activity in primary etched dentine (p < 0.05). Stronger enzymatic activity recorded in primary dentine may be related to the differences in morphology and composition between primary and permanent dentine.

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“…On one hand, exogenous MMP inhibitors such as chlorhexidine, galardin, benzalkonium chloride or quaternary ammonium salts contain a functional group that can interact with the Zn 2+ ion in the MMP molecule blocking its activation [1,[24][25][26][27][28]. On the other hand, synthetic and natural cross-linkers such as genipin, carbodiimide (EDC) or grape seed extract form intermolecular and intramolecular collagen cross-links by means of stable covalent bonds, increasing the resin-dentin interface longevity [29][30][31][32]. Furthermore, cross-linkers have also been reported to decrease collagenolytic activity and inactivate MMPs [30,33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Enzymatic Activity in Dentin Treated with a Chitosan Primer

Maravić

Baena

Mazzitelli

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan polymer on dentinal enzymatic activity by means of gelatin and in situ zymography. Human dentin was frozen and ground in a miller. Dentin powder aliquots were demineralized with phosphoric acid and treated with three different concentrations of lyophilized chitosan polymer (1, 0.5 and 0.1 wt%) dissolved in distilled water. Dentin proteins were extracted from each experimental group and electrophoresed under non-reducing conditions in 10% SDS-PAGE containing fluorescein-labeled gelatin. After 48 h in the incubation buffer at 37 °C, proteolytic activity was registered under long-wave UV light scanner and quantified by using Image J software. Furthermore, additional teeth (n = 4) were prepared for the in situ zymographic analysis in unrestored as well as restored dentin pretreated with the same chitosan primers. The registered enzymatic activity was directly proportional to the chitosan concentration and higher in the restored dentin groups (p < 0.05), except for the 0.1% chitosan primer. Chitosan 0.1% only showed faint expression of enzymatic activity compared to 1% and 0.5% concentrations. Chitosan 0.1% dissolved in water can produce significant reduction in MMPs activity and could possibly contribute to bond strength preservation over time.

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Effect of an ethanol cross-linker on universal adhesive

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years

Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years

Endogenous Enzymatic Activity of Primary and Permanent Dentine

Endogenous Enzymatic Activity in Dentin Treated with a Chitosan Primer

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