Effect of an Electric Field on the Surface Tension of a Dipolar-Quadrupolar Fluid and Its Implication for Sign Preference in Droplet Nucleation

Warshavsky, Vadim B.; Zeng, Xiao Cheng

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.246104

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…It is interesting to note that the nucleation of ice on silica, which develops a negative surface charge, is consistent with the tendency for water vapor to preferentially condense upon negatively charged ions. 43 The relationship between these two classes of nucleation enhancement is not presently known. The nucleating effectiveness of various windows and the underlying mechanisms are currently under investigation.…”

Section: ͑4͒mentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanosecond freezing of water under multiple shock wave compression: Optical transmission and imaging measurements

Dolan

Gupta

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Water samples were subjected to multiple shock wave compressions, generating peak pressures of 1-5 GPa on nanosecond time scales. This loading process approximates isentropic compression and leads to temperatures where the ice VII phase is more stable than the liquid phase above 2 GPa. Time resolved optical transmission and imaging measurements were performed to determine the solidification rate under such conditions. Freezing occurred faster at higher pressures as water was compressed further into the ice VII phase, in agreement with classical micleation theory. Water consistently froze when in contact with a silica window, whereas no solidification occurred in the presence of sapphire windows. The transition was determined to be a surface initiated process--freezing began via heterogeneous nucleation at the water/window interface and propagated over thicknesses greater than 0.01 mm. The first optical images of freezing on nanosecond time scales were obtained. These images demonstrate heterogeneous nucleation and irregular solid growth over 0.01-0.10 mm lateral length scales and are consistent with latent heat emission during the transformation. The combination of optical transmission and imaging measurements presented here provide the first consistent evidence for freezing on short time scales.

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Section: ͑4͒mentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanosecond freezing of water under multiple shock wave compression: Optical transmission and imaging measurements

Dolan

Gupta

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…[51][52][53] However, Warshavsky and Zeng have also shown that opposite electric fields (such as those created by positive and negative ions) can influence the structure of the vapor-liquid interface of dipolar/quadrupolar fluids which can impact surface tensions, and hence, the nucleation free energy. 54 Oh et al have noted that hydrogen can approach negative ions more closely than oxygen can approach positive ions. This leads to more favorable ion-water interactions for the negative ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sign preference in ion-induced nucleation: Contributions to the free energy barrier

Keasler

Kim

Chen

2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We have performed a series of computer simulations using the AVUS-HR approach to better understand the origin of the sign preference in ion-induced nucleation. In particular, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between the total formation free energy of a cluster, and the nucleation free energy, which involves only those steps contributing to the free energy barrier. We have separately considered how the ion-water potential energy, the water-water potential energy, and the entropy contribute to both the cluster formation free energy, and the nucleation free energy. These simulations have shown that while the ion-water potential energies make the largest contribution to the formation free energy difference between positive and negative ions, the entropy is the contribution leading to lower nucleation free energy barriers for negative ions. The primary reason for this is the larger stable (but precritical) clusters formed around negative ions. We have further shown that the distinction between formation and nucleation free energies is of particular importance when comparing small cations with larger anions where the formation free energies can be much lower for the cationic clusters, even though the nucleation barriers are lower for the anionic clusters.

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“…The umbrella-sampling Monte Carlo study [25] suggests that anions are better nucleators because ''the average anion-H distance is considerably shorter than the average cation-O distance.'' Molecular-based theory [26] attributes the sign preference to the asymmetric effect of the electrical field on the surface tension.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantum Nature of the Sign Preference in Ion-Induced Nucleation

Nadykto

Natsheh

et al. 2006

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Observed first in Wilson's pioneering experiments in the cloud chamber, the sign preference has remained a mystery for more than a century. We investigate the sign preference using a quantum approach and show that this puzzling phenomenon is essentially quantum in nature. It is shown that the effect of the chemical identity of the core ion is controlled by the electronic structure of the core ion through the influence on the intermolecular bonding energies during the initial steps of cluster formation. Our results demonstrate the superiority of the quantum approach and indicate fundamental problems of conventional ion-induced nucleation theories, in which the electronic structure of the core ion is either ignored or not treated rigorously.

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Effect of an Electric Field on the Surface Tension of a Dipolar-Quadrupolar Fluid and Its Implication for Sign Preference in Droplet Nucleation

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Nanosecond freezing of water under multiple shock wave compression: Optical transmission and imaging measurements

Nanosecond freezing of water under multiple shock wave compression: Optical transmission and imaging measurements

Sign preference in ion-induced nucleation: Contributions to the free energy barrier

Quantum Nature of the Sign Preference in Ion-Induced Nucleation

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