Effect of an Azadirachtin Formulation on Six Nontarget Aquatic Macroinvertebrates

Dunkel, Florence V.; Richards, David C.

doi:10.1093/ee/27.3.667

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This information is essential for understanding of environmental safety of these compounds and their Þeld development and use as mosquito oviposition repellents. The three crustacean and one chironomid species representing different taxonomic orders and classes were chosen because of their wide distribution and abundance among aquatic communities, their representation from different functional feeding groups, and because of their varying sensitivities to environmental pollution (Dunkel and Richards 1998). The nematode and the predatory mosquito larvae were tested because these For bioassays, 20 individuals of each test organism, except for Tx.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Toxicity of Three Mosquito Oviposition Repellents to Six Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates

2000

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confidence: 99%

Laboratory Toxicity of Three Mosquito Oviposition Repellents to Six Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates

2000

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“…In Vietnam, the Neem tree is also commonly known as neem and usually grown in popularity in the central coastal region, most particularly in Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province. Significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-fertility and hypotensive activities were found in water soluble extract of A. indica leaves [3,4]. In freshwater fish farming, losses in productivity due to fish parasites and fish predators are great and often controlled by applying toxic chemicals indiscriminately [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of the Effects of Neem Leaf Extract on the Water Quality and Phytoplankton Community in Freshwater Catfish Pond in Binh Duong Province

Bình¹

2018

JST

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In Vietnam, the total area of freshwater catfish pond reached 1959 hectares in 2015 to satisfy the national and international markets. The use of synthetic chemicals in fish farms has threatened the environmental ecology and also fish quality so it is really necessary to carry out researches on alternative compounds from plants. The extract of neem Azadirachta indica has been widely applied as an environmental insecticide, especially in fish pond to control fish diseases and parasites in several countries around the world. However, there has not been widely applied in Vietnam. In this study, the effects of neem leaf extract on the water quality and phytoplankton community in freshwater catfish pond in Binh Duong province was investigated. It was shown that at a concentration of 90 mg / L, the extracted from neem leaf have a positive impact on water quality; reduce the concentration of parameters such as COD, N-NO 3 -, P-PO 4 3-, SD, and SS value. pH value of water was not affected by adding extract at this concentration. In case of plankton community, the result indicated that slightly change in occurrence frequency of phytoplankton community in water was noticed and no change in phytoplankton species composition such as Anisonema sp., Euglena acus, Phacus pleuronectes, Trachelomonas armata and Trachelomonas, which means neem leaf extract might be an environmental friendly to be used in Pangasius hypophthalmus fish pond.

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“…Nevertheless, ''inactive'' ingredients in pesticide formulations affect the toxicity of the active ingredient to a specific organism, and sometimes the adjuvants can be more toxic to non-target species than the active ingredients are (Cox and Surgan 2008;Mann and Bidwell 1999;Mullin et al 2015;Surgan et al 2010;Zhu et al 2014). For example, ''inactive'' ingredients found in common herbicide formulations used at label rates can be directly toxic to mites (Cowles et al 2000;Yi et al 2011), honey bees (Ciarlo et al 2011;Zhu et al 2014), aquatic insects (Dunkel and Richards 1998), and soil organisms (Pereira et al 2009). Indeed, the commercial formulation of 2,4-D can be ten times more toxic to late stage tadpoles of at least one frog species (Rhinella arenarum) than the active ingredient (Aronzon et al 2011), due in large part to the use of poly-ethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) as an adjuvant in aquatic herbicides (Howe et al 2004;Mann et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles

Freydier

Lundgren

2016

Ecotoxicology

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Weed resistance to glyphosate and development of new GM crops tolerant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and dicamba is expected to lead to increased use of these herbicides in cropland. The lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata is an important beneficial insect in cropland that is commonly used as an indicator species in safety evaluations of pesticides. Here, we examined the lethal and non-lethal effects of 2,4-D and dicamba active ingredients and commercial formulations to this lady beetle species, and tested for synergistic effects of the herbicides. Second instars of lady beetles were exposed to an experimental treatment, and their mortality, development, weight, sex ratio, fecundity, and mobility was evaluated. Using similar methods, a dose-response study was conducted on 2,4-D with and without dicamba. The commercial formulation of 2,4-D was highly lethal to lady beetle larvae; the LC90 of this herbicide was 13 % of the label rate. In this case, the "inactive" ingredients were a key driver of the toxicity. Dicamba active ingredient significantly increased lady beetle mortality and reduced their body weight. The commercial formulations of both herbicides reduced the proportion of males in the lady beetle population. The herbicides when used together did not act synergistically in their toxicity toward lady beetles versus when the chemistries were used independently. Our work shows that herbicide formulations can cause both lethal and sublethal effects on non-target, beneficial insects, and these effects are sometimes driven by the "inactive" ingredients. The field-level implications of shifts in weed management practices on insect management programs should receive further attention.

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Effect of an Azadirachtin Formulation on Six Nontarget Aquatic Macroinvertebrates

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Laboratory Toxicity of Three Mosquito Oviposition Repellents to Six Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates

Laboratory Toxicity of Three Mosquito Oviposition Repellents to Six Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates

Survey of the Effects of Neem Leaf Extract on the Water Quality and Phytoplankton Community in Freshwater Catfish Pond in Binh Duong Province

Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles

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