“…Some annular closure devices and NP replacement devices have been introduced clinically, including Barricaid (Intrinsic Therapeutics, Woburn, MA, USA), Xclose Tissue Repair System (Anulex Technologies, Minnetonka, MN), Inclose Surgical Mesh System (Anulex Technologies, Inc., Minnetonka, MN), NuCore® Injectable Nucleus hydrogel (Spine Wave, Inc., Shelton, CT, USA), NeuDIsc (Replication Medical, Inc., Cranberry, NJ), DiscCell (Gentis, Wayne, Pennsylvania), DASCOR Disc Arthroplasty System (Disc Dynamics, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minnesota), BioDisc (CryoLife, Atlanta, Georgia), and NucleoFix (Replication Medical, Inc., Cranberry, NJ) . The Barricaid AF closure device showed midterm clinical feasibility, efficacy, and safety . Although an FDA panel confirmed its efficacy in preventing reherniations following discectomy, the presence of lytic endplate lesions and device subsidence raised safety concerns .…”