Effect of &amp;lt;italic&amp;gt;Bacillus Subtilis&amp;lt;/italic&amp;gt;-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter

Lee, K. W.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Jang, Seung I.; Lee, S. H.; Bautista, Daniel; Siragusa, Gregory R.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2013.13178

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In addition to their effects on healthy animals, Bacillus DFMs also have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious outcomes associated with enteric bacterial infections of poultry. B. subtilis dietary supplementation reversed the effects of Clostridium perfringens infection on decreased growth performance and alterations in the intestinal microbiota, compared with unsupplemented controls (24). In a C. perfringens/Eimeria maxima coinfection model of avian necrotic enteritis, feeding of B. subtilis reduced gut pathology and animal mortality, and restored alterations in the intestinal microbiome, compared with controls (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We previously reported that dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with B. subtilis-based DFMs increased body weight gains, compared with unsupplemented controls (21). Further, chickens fed a B. subtilis-containing diet had increased intestinal villus height and crypt depth, augmented mitogen-and antigen-induced spleen cell proliferation, greater macrophage phagocytosis of Salmonella bacteria, decreased serum levels of α-1-acid glycoprotein and nitric oxide, altered expression of cytokine genes (interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, CXCL2) in intestinal lymphocytes, and a modified CD4 + /CD8 + ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes (24)(25)(26)(27)(28). The current study extends these prior results to now demonstrate that dietary supplementation with B. subtilis 1781 or B. subtilis 787 alters the chicken intestinal metabolome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dietary treatments included a basal diet ( Table 1), or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 10 5 CFU/g feed of B. subtilis 1781 or B. subtilis 747 (Arm & Hammer Co., Inc., Waukesha, WI). The dose of B. subtilis was chosen based on the previous study of Lee et al (24). Each treatment group contained 4 cages with 7 chickens/cage.…”

Section: Experimental Design Growth Performance and Intestinal Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Park

Zimmerman²,

Smith³

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are dietary supplements containing live microorganisms which confer a performance and health benefit to the host, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal metabolite levels in chickens fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with B. subtilis strain 1781 or strain 747. Body weight gains of chickens fed the B. subtilis-supplemented diets were increased up to 5.6% in the B. subtilis 1781 group and 7.6% in the B. subtilis 747 group compared with chickens fed the unsupplemented diet. Compared with unsupplemented controls, the levels of 83 metabolites were altered (p < 0.05) (25 increased, 58 decreased) in chickens given the B. subtilis 1781-supplemented diet, while 50 were altered (p < 0.05) (12 increased, 38 decreased) with the B. subtilis 747-supplemented diet. Twenty-two metabolites were altered (p < 0.05) (18 increased, 4 decreased) in the B. subtilis 1781 vs. B. subtilis 747 groups. A random forest analysis of the B. subtilis 1781 vs. control groups gave a predictive accuracy of 87.5%, while that of the B. subtilis 747 vs. control groups was 62.5%. A random forest analysis of the B. subtilis 1781 vs. B. subtilis 747 groups gave a predictive accuracy of 75.0%. Changes in the levels of these intestinal biochemicals provided a distinctive biochemical signature unique to each B. subtilis-supplemented group, and were characterized by alterations in the levels of dipeptides (alanylleucine, glutaminylleucine, phenylalanylalanine, valylglutamine), nucleosides (N1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, guanine, 2-deoxyguanosine), fatty acids (sebacate, valerylglycine, linoleoylcholine), and carbohydrates (fructose). These results provide the foundation for future studies to identify biochemicals that might be used to improve poultry growth performance in the absence of antibiotic growth promoters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design Growth Performance and Intestinal Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Park

Zimmerman²,

Smith³

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The effects of A. hookeri on crucial phenotypes of broiler chickens were investigated, given the importance of growth trait enhancement without antibiotics for growth promotion (AGPs) and to decrease the risk of antibiotic resistance [36]. Other studies investigated feed supplements using natural foods including extracts from herb species, which enhanced poultry health by improving immunity and protecting chickens from avian diseases [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Our previous study has shown that broiler chickens supplemented with A. hookeri show improved growth performance [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Allium hookeri on gut microbiome related to growth performance in young broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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Healthy food promotes beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiome. A few prebiotics act as food supplements to increase fermentation by beneficial bacteria, which enhance the host immune system and health. Allium hookeri is a healthy food with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. A. hookeri is used as a feed supplement for broiler chickens to improve growth performance. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, A. hookeri may alter the gut microbiome. In the current study, 16S rRNA sequencing has been carried out using samples obtained from the cecum of broiler chickens exposed to diets comprising different tissue types (leaf and root) and varying amounts (0.3% and 0.5%) of A. hookeri to investigate their impact on gut microbiome. The microbiome composition in the groups supplemented with A. hookeri leaf varied from that of the control group. Especially, exposure to 0.5% amounts of leaf resulted in differences in the abundance of genera compared with diets comprising 0.3% leaf. Exposure to a diet containing 0.5% A. hookeri leaf decreased the abundance of the following bacteria: Eubacterium nodatum, Marvinbryantia, Oscillospira, and Gelria. The modulation of gut microbiome by leaf supplement correlated with growth traits including body weight, bone strength, and infectious bursal disease antibody. The results demonstrate that A. hookeri may improve the health benefits of broiler chickens by altering the gut microbiome.

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“…The most widely accepted alternatives include probiotics, prebiotics, exogenous enzymes, and phytogenics including plant extracts in poultry. In addition, the novel concept which employs the natural enhancement of host immunity by alternatives has been gained much interest as a coccidiosis control measure in broiler chickens ( Lee et al, 2011 ; Lee et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dietary Multiple Enzyme Preparation (Natuzyme) in Laying Hens

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Moon³

et al. 2014

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The current experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding the multi-enzyme mixture (Natuzyme) into layers’ diets with different levels of energy and available phosphorus in relation to laying performance, egg qualities, blood cholesterol level, microflora and intestinal viscosity. Two hundred and fifty 43-wk-old Hy-Line commercial layers were divided into five groups with five replicates per group (10 birds per replicate) and fed one of five experimental diets. A corn and soybean meal-based control diet was formulated and used as a control diet. Two experimental control diets were formulated to reduce energy and crude protein contents (rE) or energy, crude protein and phosphorus contents (rEP). In addition, Natuzyme was added into either rE (rE-Natu500) or rEP (rEP-Natu500) diet to reach a concentration of 500 mg per kg of diet. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg qualities such as eggshell color or Haugh unit, total cholesterol, relative organ weights and cecal microflora profiles between any dietary treatments. Natu500 supplementation into the rE diet, but not rEP diet significantly increased egg mass and eggshell qualities such as strength and thickness, but it decreased cecal ammonia concentration and intestinal viscosity in laying hens. In conclusion, the present study shows that adding multiple enzyme preparation could improve performance of laying hens fed energy and protein restricted diets.

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Effect of <italic>Bacillus Subtilis</italic>-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Effects of Allium hookeri on gut microbiome related to growth performance in young broiler chickens

Evaluation of Dietary Multiple Enzyme Preparation (Natuzyme) in Laying Hens

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