Effect of amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of children with severe acute malnutrition in Madarounfa, Niger: a retrospective metagenomic analysis of a placebo-controlled trial

Schwartz, Drew J; Langdon, Amy; Sun, Xiaoqing; Langendorf, Céline; Berthé, Fatou; Grais, Rebecca F; Trehan, Indi; Isanaka, Sheila; Dantas, Gautam

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00213-6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…A second RCT reported evidence for effect modification of iron supplementation on growth by maternal FUT2 status, where infants of FUT2-mothers randomized to iron supplementation showed greater declines in LAZ than infants of FUT2+ mothers 96 . In addition, a third, recent RCT found that suppression of B. longum by amoxicillin allowed the gut microbiota of children with SAM to better adapt to a solid-food diet by reducing the abundance of taxa specialized for breast milk utilization, resulting in improved anthropometric indicators of infant nutritional status 97 . However, it is essential to note that B. longum subspecies infantis is a critical early infant gut bacteria with important benefits for infant health, including protection from enteric pathogens 98 , immune system development 99 , and reducing asthma risk 100 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium longummodifies a nutritional intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants

Gough,

Edens,

Carr

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Child stunting is an indicator of chronic undernutrition and reduced human capital. However, it remains a poorly understood public health problem. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been widely tested to reduce stunting, but have modest effects. The infant intestinal microbiome may contribute to stunting, and is partly shaped by mother and infant histo-blood group antigens (HBGA). We investigated whether mother-infant fucosyltransferase status, which governs HBGA, and the infant gut microbiome modified the impact of SQ-LNS on stunting at age 18 months among Zimbabwean infants in the SHINE Trial (NCT01824940). We found that mother-infant fucosyltransferase discordance andBifidobacterium longumreduced SQ-LNS efficacy. Infant age-related microbiome shifts inB. longumsubspecies dominance frominfantis, a proficient human milk oligosaccharide utilizer, tosuisorlongum, proficient plant-polysaccharide utilizers, were partly influenced by discordance in mother-infant FUT2+/FUT3- phenotype, suggesting that a "younger" microbiome at initiation of SQ-LNS reduces its benefits on stunting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium longummodifies a nutritional intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants

Gough,

Edens,

Carr

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The use of antibiotics in preparation for FMT engraftment has been suggested, but the evidence for this is not supportive [65,66]. Remediation of the gut microbiome may be achievable if antibiotics are used in a targeted mode to reset the microbiome and increase gut bacterial diversity [67].…”

Section: Gut Sterilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease—Diagnostic Microbiological Investigations Can Inform New Therapeutic Approaches

Aitken,

Agrawal

2024

Antibiotics

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Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of Johne’s disease (JD), which is a chronic infectious gastrointestinal disease of ruminants and is often fatal. In humans, MAP has been associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) for over a century, without conclusive evidence of pathogenicity. Numerous researchers have contributed to the subject, but there is still a need for evidence of the causation of CD by MAP. An infectious aetiology in CD that is attributable to MAP can only be proven by bacteriological investigations. There is an urgency in resolving this question due to the rising global incidence rates of CD. Recent papers have indicated the “therapeutic ceiling” may be close in the development of new biologics. Clinical trial outcomes have demonstrated mild or inconsistent improvements in therapeutic interventions over the last decades when compared with placebo. The necessity to revisit therapeutic options for CD is becoming more urgent and a renewed focus on causation is essential for progress in identifying new treatment options. This manuscript discusses newer interventions, such as vaccination, FMT, dietary remediation and gut microbiome regulation, that will become more relevant as existing therapeutic options expire. Revisiting the MAP theory as a potential infectious cause of CD, rather than the prevailing concept of an “aberrant immune response” will require expanding the current therapeutic programme to include potential new alternatives, and combinations of existing treatments. To advance research on MAP in humans, it is essential for microbiologists and medical scientists to microscopically detect CWDM and to biologically amplify the growth by directed culture.

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“…( 2023 ) focused on antibiotic resistance and the gut microbiota and found that although amoxicillin transiently increased antibiotic resistance genes and decreased the diversity of the gut microbiota, these changes largely subsided within 3 weeks. Surprisingly, 2 years after the initial treatment, the amoxicillin‐treated children had increased gut microbiome diversity and richness relative to placebo‐treated control children (Schwartz et al., 2023 ), suggesting an unexpected long‐term benefit that might outweigh the short‐term risks of antibiotic resistance. A follow‐up study on metabolic and anthropometric analysis will help to clarify whether or not antibiotic treatment has any long‐term benefit for bone growth.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota As a Therapeutic Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in regulation of childhood bone growth

Lui

2023

Experimental Physiology

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Childhood stunting and wasting, or decreased linear and ponderal growth associated with undernutrition, continue to be a major global public health challenge. Although many of the current therapeutic and dietary interventions have significantly reduced childhood mortality caused by undernutrition, there remain great inefficacies in improving childhood stunting. Longitudinal bone growth in children is governed by different genetic, nutritional and other environmental factors acting systemically on the endocrine system and locally at the growth plate. Recent studies have shown that this intricate interplay between nutritional and hormonal regulation of the growth plate could involve the gut microbiota, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach in tackling childhood undernutrition. In this review, I focus on the mechanistic insights provided by these recent advances in gut microbiota research and discuss ongoing development of microbiota‐based therapeutics in humans, which could be the missing link in solving undernutrition and childhood stunting.

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Effect of amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of children with severe acute malnutrition in Madarounfa, Niger: a retrospective metagenomic analysis of a placebo-controlled trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Bifidobacterium longummodifies a nutritional intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants

Bifidobacterium longummodifies a nutritional intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease—Diagnostic Microbiological Investigations Can Inform New Therapeutic Approaches

Gut microbiota in regulation of childhood bone growth

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