Effect of ammonium hydroxide-based ionic liquids' freezing point and hydrogen bonding on suppression temperature of different gas hydrates

Estimation of Thermodynamic Stability of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates in the Presence of Hydrogen Sulfide

“…Corrosion reaction increases fast when it combines oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). , Thus, they can significantly reduce the service life of transportation pipelines and processing facilities in the oil and gas industries. Natural gas that contains any of the acid gases like carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide is termed an acid gas. , …”

“…Natural gas that contains any of the acid gases like carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide is termed an acid gas. 15,18 In deep-water pipelines, the elimination of natural gas hydrates is prominent as their formation can pose a threat to both the economy and safety. Besides that, the presence of H 2 S in gas hydrates will aggravate the risk.…”

“…Out of all the hydrate formers, Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is highly toxic and an aggressive hydrate former. , Being a slightly polar molecule, H 2 S exhibits a unique effect of dipole moment for hydrate stabilization. , Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) stabilizes both small and large cavities of structure-I hydrates. , Oil or natural gas is considered sour if it has a high percentage of hydrogen sulfide. According to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, natural gas containing more than 20 ppm H 2 S by volume is generally considered a sour gas. , In addition to being toxic, hydrogen sulfide in the presence of water also damages piping and other equipment handling sour gas by sulfide stress cracking. H 2 S acidifies the water, which causes pitting corrosion to carbon steel pipelines.…”

“…According to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, natural gas containing more than 20 ppm H 2 S by volume is generally considered a sour gas. 14 , 15 In addition to being toxic, hydrogen sulfide in the presence of water also damages piping and other equipment handling sour gas by sulfide stress cracking. H 2 S acidifies the water, which causes pitting corrosion to carbon steel pipelines.…”

“…Natural gas that contains any of the acid gases like carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide is termed an acid gas. 15 , 18 …”