Effect of ammonia on the soot properties in a laminar ethylene flame

Shi, Xiuyong; Qian, Weiwei; Li, Song; Shuai, Shijin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130402

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In this study, the simulated peak of the soot volume fraction of A0 is 3.34 ppm, and the spatial distribution of soot is shown in Figure c,d, which is in good agreement with the experiments by Zaher et al. In addition, the average diameter of primary particles has been displayed in Figure e,f; it is seen that the average diameter obtained by simulation is consistent with the experimental data from our previous work and the result from Zaher et al at HAB = 30 mm. Furthermore, it is also found that the use of NH 3 reduces the diameter of primary particles.…”

Section: Verification Of the Kinetic Model And The Coflow Ethylene Di...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…(a–b) Measured and simulated temperature in ethylene/NH 3 flames; experimental results are from Zaher et al, Yu et al, and this study. (c–d) Measured and simulated soot volume fraction (ppm) in ammonia-ethylene flames; experimental results are from Zaher et al (e–f) Measured and simulated primary particle diameter (nm) in ammonia-ethylene flames; experimental results are from Zaher et al and Shi et al (b) Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier.…”

Section: Verification Of the Kinetic Model And The Coflow Ethylene Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third approach involves maintaining the ethylene concentration while increasing the ammonia concentration, as employed by Zaher et al, which allows for a more nuanced analysis of ammonia’s effect on soot properties. This method (the third approach), also previously used in our research to study the influences of NH 3 on soot properties, is employed in the present study. Additionally, the physical effects, such as the chemical and dilution effects of ammonia in laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flames, have not been thoroughly investigated due to model construction challenges and the simulation’s inherent complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Chemical Effects of Ammonia on Gas Emissions and Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Ethylene Diffusion Flames

Qian,

Shi,

2024

Energy Fuels

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As a noncarbon fuel, ammonia is being explored as a potential alternative. This study delves into the physical and chemical impacts of ammonia in laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flames. Initially, an experiment is conducted to scrutinize the flame characteristics, including temperature, in these flames. Subsequently, a new C 2 H 4 −NH 3 −PAH model is developed and verified through ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, and species profiles. Building on this model, the study analyzes the physical and chemical effects of ammonia on temperature, gas emissions (CO, CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , HCN, and N 2 O), formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the nucleation, condensation, growth, and oxidation of soot in laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flames. The findings reveal that under constant ethylene flow rates the use of ammonia has minimal impact on flame temperature. Moreover, ammonia decreases CO and CO 2 emissions primarily due to its dilution effect. However, gas emissions such as NO, NO 2 , HCN, and N 2 O significantly increase due to the chemical effect of ammonia. Furthermore, soot precursors noticeably decrease with the addition of NH 3 because of the inhibition of PAH formation through ammonia's dilution effect. Nevertheless, the chemical effect of ammonia plays a counterproductive role in reducing precursor formation, resulting in increased emissions of precursors A1−A4 due to the decreased free radicals. In the assessment of the nucleation, condensation, growth, and oxidation of soot in laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flames, the study indicates a substantial drop (25.7%) in the inception rate of A60 compared to A0 when using ammonia. It is noteworthy that the primary reason for the reduced soot formation with ammonia lies in the decrease of the inception rate through the dilution effect of ammonia and the inhibition of the hydrogen abstraction carbon addition (HACA) surface growth rate because the chemical effect of ammonia reduces free radical H and CH 3 concentrations.

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Section: Verification Of the Kinetic Model And The Coflow Ethylene Di...supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Verification Of the Kinetic Model And The Coflow Ethylene Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Chemical Effects of Ammonia on Gas Emissions and Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Ethylene Diffusion Flames

Qian,

Shi,

2024

Energy Fuels

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Effect of Residence Time on Morphology and Nanostructure of Soot in Laminar Ethylene and Ammonia-Ethylene Flames

Qian,

Shi,

2024

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As one of the pollutants that cannot be ignored, soot has a great impact on human health, environment, and energy conversion. In this investigation, the effect of residence time (25ms, 35ms, and 45ms) and ammonia on morphology and nanostructure of soot in laminar ethylene flames has been studied under atmospheric conditions and different flame heights (15 mm and 30 mm). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) are used to obtain morphology of aggregates and nanostructure of primary particles, respectively. In addition, to analyze the nanostructure of the particles, an analysis program is built based on MATLAB software, which is able to obtain the fringe separation distance, fringe length, and fringe tortuosity parameters of primary particles, and has been verified by the multilayer graphene interlayer distance. It is found that soot is mainly composed of tens of primary particles in the form of tree-like at HAB (height above burner) = 30 mm. But the primary particles are dispersed with the use of ammonia at HAB = 15 mm. Moreover, the mean diameter of primary particles is greatly affected by fuels and it is mainly distributed between 16 nm–36 nm. For ethylene flame, it increases first and then decreases with the increase of residence time. For the ethylene ammonia flame, it keeps rising. In addition, the mean fringe separation distance and fringe tortuosity are not affected by residence time. However, with the increase of residence time, the mean fringe length decreases first and then increases for ethylene flame, while for ethylene ammonia flame, the mean fringe length decreases. Furthermore, with the addition of ammonia, the mean separation distance decreases and the mean fringe length increases slightly.</div></div>

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Effect of ammonia on the soot properties in a laminar ethylene flame

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Physical and Chemical Effects of Ammonia on Gas Emissions and Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Ethylene Diffusion Flames

Physical and Chemical Effects of Ammonia on Gas Emissions and Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Ethylene Diffusion Flames

Effect of Residence Time on Morphology and Nanostructure of Soot in Laminar Ethylene and Ammonia-Ethylene Flames

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