Effect of ammonia and other soil volatiles on germination and growth of soil fungi

Schippers, B.; Meijer, J.W.; Liem, J. I.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(82)80111-3

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, of all of the composts examined in this study, the batches of turkey litter had the lowest levels of microbial activity. Since ammonia is also an effective inhibitor of microbial activity (2,6,11,37,40), it is not surprising to find these low levels of microbial activity if ammonia is indeed biologically active in these composts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Properties of Composts That Suppress Damping-Off and Root Rot of Creeping Bentgrass Caused by Pythium graminicola

Craft¹,

Nelson²

1996

Appl Environ Microbiol

161

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Composts prepared from a variety of feedstocks were tested for their ability to suppress seedling and root diseases of creeping bentgrass caused by Pythium graminicola. Among the most suppressive materials in laboratory experiments were different batches of a brewery sludge compost and a biosolids compost from Endicott, N.Y. Batches of these composts that were initially not suppressive to Pythium damping-off became more suppressive with increasing compost age. Leaf, yard waste, food, and spent mushroom composts as well as certain biosolids, cow manure, chicken-cow manure, and leaf-chicken manure composts were not suppressive to Pythium damping-off. In some cases, turkey litter, chicken manure, chicken-leaf, and food waste composts were inhibitory to creeping bentgrass seed germination in laboratory experiments. Microbial populations varied among all of the composts tested. Bacterial populations were high in all composts except the turkey litter compost, in which populations were 1,000-to 10,000-fold lower than in the other composts tested. Among the highest populations of heterotrophic fungi and antibiotic-producing actinomycetes were those found in all batches of the brewery sludge compost, whereas the lowest populations were found in turkey litter, chicken manure, and food waste composts. Heat treatment of suppressive composts reduced populations of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in all composts tested. Disease suppressiveness was also reduced or eliminated in heated composts. Amending heated composts with small amounts of nonheated compost restored suppressive properties and partially restored microbial populations to wild-type levels. A strong negative relationship between compost microbial activity (as measured by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate) and Pythium damping-off severity was observed. When composts were applied to creeping bentgrass in field experiments, a significant level of suppressiveness was evident with some composts when disease pressure was high (i.e., disease ratings high in uninoculated plots). A 1991 batch of turkey litter compost and the 1990 batch of Endicott biosolids were consistently suppressive to foliar symptoms of Pythium root rot on creeping bentgrass. This study indicates that suppression of Pythium diseases of creeping bentgrass in batches of brewery sludge and Endicott biosolids composts, and possibly in other suppressive composts examined in less detail in this study, is related directly to the microbial activities in the composts. On the other hand, the mechanisms of Pythium suppression in turkey litter and perhaps other poultry-based composts is not related directly to the compost microbial activity. Although turkey litter showed a lack of suppressiveness in laboratory bioassays and low microbial populations and activity, it resulted in a significant and consistent level of suppressiveness in field experiments. Therefore, the microbiological properties of Pythium-suppressive composts may differ substantially, and measurements of microbial populations and activity...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Properties of Composts That Suppress Damping-Off and Root Rot of Creeping Bentgrass Caused by Pythium graminicola

Craft¹,

Nelson²

1996

Appl Environ Microbiol

161

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“…Antifungal properties also have been attributed to gaseous ammonia. Schippers et al (1982) showed that ammonia release from soil as well as from an ammonium sulfate solution inhibited conidia germination of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium nigricans. However, some fungi such as Fusarium culmorum and Verticillium nigrescens were not affected by ammonia.…”

Section: Influence Of Bacterial Volatiles On Germination and Mycelialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Mediated Interactions Between Bacteria and Fungi in the Soil

et al. 2012

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Soil is one of the major habitats of bacteria and fungi. In this arena their interactions are part of a communication network that keeps microhabitats in balance. Prominent mediator molecules of these inter- and intraorganismic relationships are inorganic and organic microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs). In this review the state of the art regarding the wealth of mVOC emission is presented. To date, ca. 300 bacteria and fungi were described as VOC producers and approximately 800 mVOCs were compiled in DOVE-MO (database of volatiles emitted by microorganisms). Furthermore, this paper summarizes morphological and phenotypical alterations and reactions that occur in the organisms due to the presence of mVOCs. These effects might provide clues for elucidating the biological and ecological significance of mVOC emissions and will help to unravel the entirety of belowground' volatile-wired' interactions.

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“…A second way in which myxobacteria may contribute to .soil fungistasis is by the production of ammonia which has been shown to be fungistatic in soil [18]. as well as Myxococcus spp.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic activity of soil myxobacteria and its ecological implications

Foster

Yasouri

Daoud

1992

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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One hundred and sixty‐four strains of myxobacteria were isolated from soil collected in the British Isles and tested for their antimicrobial activity. The organisms were indentified as belonging to the genera Corallococcus, Cystobacter and Myxococcus with smaller numbers of Archangium, Sorangium and Stigmatella. The majority of the isolates showed antimicrobial activity when overlaid with agar inoculated with test organisms and 77% inhibited Micrococcus luteus and 23%Botrytis cinerea. The activity was shown to be due to antibiotics excreted into the medium and soluble in chloroform. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of myxobacteria in soil ecology.

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Effect of ammonia and other soil volatiles on germination and growth of soil fungi

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Microbial Properties of Composts That Suppress Damping-Off and Root Rot of Creeping Bentgrass Caused by Pythium graminicola

Microbial Properties of Composts That Suppress Damping-Off and Root Rot of Creeping Bentgrass Caused by Pythium graminicola

Volatile Mediated Interactions Between Bacteria and Fungi in the Soil

Antibiotic activity of soil myxobacteria and its ecological implications

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