Effect of Amino Acids on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork Oak (<i>Quercus suber</i> L.) Tree

Abstract

In the present study, we tested the effect of amino acids on secondary somatic embryogenesis of Moroccan cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Secondary mature and immature somatic embryos were obtained from primary somatic embryos cultured in N 30 K medium supplemented with nineteen amino acids. Stimulation of embryogenesis was dependent on the type and concentration of amino acid in the medium. Thus, L-glutamine and L-asparagine at 3.42 mM have been proved to be the most favorable for the formation of functional somatic embryos and the induction of secondary somatic embryos.

The Chemical Environment at Maturation Stage in Pinus spp. Somatic Embryogenesis: Implications in the Polyamine Profile of Somatic Embryos and Morphological Characteristics of the Developed Plantlets

“…In agreement with the improvements observed in the germination of P. halepensis ses, it was reported that the Gln also influenced the growth of proembryogenic masses in Picea abies L. Karst. (Carlsson et al, 2017) and P. peruviana (Silveira et al, 2020), increasing production of ses and consequent conversion to viable plants in date palm (El-Dawayati et al, 2018), as well as induction of secondary ses in Quercus suber L. (Rahmouni et al, 2020).…”

Factors Influencing Somatic Embryo Maturation in Sugi (Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don)

“…Organic nitrogen is essential for the production of healthy embryos during SE, and glutamine is one of the most common sources of organic nitrogen reported in conifers [ 32 , 61 ]. The addition of glutamine, asparagine, arginine, and other AAs to the maturation medium has been commonly used to enhance the maturation efficiency of somatic embryos [ 2 , 5 , 29 , 35 , 45 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. The role of AAs during SE has been widely reported [ 28 , 40 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”