Effect of aluminum on growth and chemical composition of marigolds

Aluminum tolerance, mineral nutrition, and growth of 'Helleri' holly in solution culture

“…Aluminum treatments decreased Mn levels in old leaves and slightly increased them in roots. Decreased Mn with Al exposure was also found by Smalley et al (1993) in marigolds and by Ryan et al (1986b) in several conifers.…”

“…Iron uptake displayed a dual response to Al treatments, with uptake decreasing with Al treatment for the first half of the experiment (up to day 41) and day 84, and then increasing at days 57,75,107, and 116 at the end of the experiment (Table 5). Ryan et al (1986b) and Smalley et al (1993) Zinc uptake (data not shown) decreased with increasing Al treatment on sampling days 30, 41, and 57. On days 94 and 116, respectively, Zn uptake decreased at solution Al levels up to 24 and 12 mg-L 1 , and then increased in 48 mg-L -1 Al treatments.…”

“…cuttings when Al was added to solutions. Reductions in Cu and Zn uptake were observed by Smalley et al (1993); while Ryan et al (1986b;Cu only) and Lin and Myhre (1991b;Cu and Zn) found decreased tissue concentrations of these elements.…”

“…Afterwards, 14 liters of a dilute modified Hoagland's solution, similar to nutrient solutions used in studies with peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. ; Edwards et al, 1976], honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.; Thornton et al, 1986), and African marigolds (Smalley et al, 1993) were added to the pots at %-, Vi-, and then full-strength in successive changes on days 4, 17, and 25, respectively. Unlike nutrient solutions used for peach and honeylocust, an equimolar N-form ratio was used in solutions in this study.…”

“…However, ornamental plants and their potential responses to Al remain little studied. Smalley et al (1993) found no clear Al toxicity symptoms in marigold taxa {Tagetes erecta L. cultivars) at Al levels which are known to elicit toxic responses in soybeans and wheat (1-4 mg-L 1 Al).…”