Effect of alternative tillage and residue cover on yield and water use efficiency in annual double cropping system in North China Plain

Information on seed germination and emergence ecology of Aegilops tauschii is scant, despite it being a widespread invasive weed in China. We conducted this study to determine the effects of various factors on seed germination and seedling emergence in three A. tauschii populations. Seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures (5–35°C), with germination of over 90% at 15–20°C. Germination was completely inhibited when dry seeds were exposed to a temperature of 160°C for 5 min; a similar response was observed for pre‐soaked seeds at 100°C. Light was neither required for nor inhibited germination. Germination was not significantly affected by pH. Aegilops tauschii was relatively tolerant to low osmotic potential and high salt stress: over 80% of seeds germinated at −0.3 MPa, and all three populations germinated in the presence of 400 mM salt (NaCl) although salt tolerance varied among the populations. Seeds buried at depths of 1–3 cm emerged well, but emergence was completely inhibited at depths greater than 8 cm. The addition of maize straw caused a linear reduction in seedling emergence, although the rate of reduction varied among the populations. The results of this study have contributed to understanding the requirements of A. tauschii germination and emergence and optimising an integrated management system for this weed in Huang–Huai–Hai Plain of China. In addition, our study provides data for development of models to predict the geographical distribution of this weed.

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“…Annual double crop maize–wheat is widely employed in the China (Jin et al , 2009). Thus, straw of preceding maize was used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting seed germination and emergence of Aegilops tauschii

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Weed Research

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“…In addition, in the Mediterranean climate region, the annual rainfall distribution and the water deficit at the end of the growing season is other limiting factor for cereal production, due to the low water infiltration and low root biomass in compacted soils (Sojka et al, 1993;Hong-ling et al, 2008;Alvarez and Steinbach, 2009;Vidhana Arachchi, 2009). Therefore, no tillage combined with subsoiling (Nt+Sb) is particularly relevant in these environments where much of crop growth occurs in spring (at the start of the dry season) and is generally subjected to a water deficit during the grain filling-period of cereals (De Vita et al, 2007;He et al, 2009;Jin et al, 2009).…”

Section: Influence Of Tillage Systems On Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Conservation Tillage and Soil Water Content on Crop Yield in Dryland Compacted Alfisol of Central Chile

Martínez

Ovalle

Pozo

et al. 2011

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Chilean dryland areas of the Mediterranean climate region are characterized by highly degraded and compacted soils, which require the use of conservation tillage systems to mitigate water erosion as well as to improve soil water storage. An oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Supernova-INIA) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pandora-INIA) crop rotation was established under the following conservation systems: no tillage (Nt), Nt + contour plowing (Nt+Cp), Nt + barrier hedge (Nt+Bh), and Nt + subsoiling (Nt+Sb), compared to conventional tillage (Ct) to evaluate their influence on soil water content (SWC) in the profile (10 to 110 cm depth), the soil compaction and their interaction with the crop yield. Experimental plots were established in 2007 and lasted 3 yr till 2009 in a compacted Alfisol. At the end of the growing seasons, SWC was reduced by 44 to 51% in conservation tillage systems and 60% in Ct. Soil water content had a significant (p < 0.05) interaction with tillage system and depth; Nt+Sb showed lower SWC between 10 to 30 cm, but higher and similar to the rest between 50 to 110 cm except for Ct. Although, SWC was higher in conservation tillage systems, the high values on soil compaction affected yield. No tillage + subsoiling reduced soil compaction and had a significant increment of grain yield (similar to Ct in seasons 2008 and 2009). These findings show us that the choice of conservation tillage in compacted soils of the Mediterranean region needs to improve soil structure to obtain higher yields and increment SWC.

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“…Several studies have shown that no-till significantly reduces runoff, especially under high rainfall intensity (Sun et al, 2015); reduces soil erosion, due to the undisturbed soil surface and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface (Merten et al, 2015;Vogel et al, 2016); and may reduce subsoil compaction compared with conventional tillage, which induces high soil stresses on the subsoil during in-furrow ploughing (Chamen et al, 2003). No-till may be an advantage under dry conditions, as it has been shown to improve conservation of soil water compared with conventional tillage (De Gryze et al, 2008;Jin et al, 2009;Martínez et al, 2012). Furthermore, some studies suggest that no-till improves fertiliser use efficiency (Dang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%