Effect of alternative silvicultural systems on vegetation and bird communities in coastal montane forests of British Columbia, Canada

Beese, William J.; Bryant, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00402-2

Cited by 105 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…treefalls), SC favours small-scale heterogeneity, but tree-by-tree harvesting is applied equally and simultaneously to all stands, so that the forest as a whole is more homogeneous. As forest management has been recognized as the main control on plant community diversity at the landscape scale [18], we confirm the conclusions of previous studies which have shown that "close-to-nature" silviculture reduced beta-diversity among stands and thus forest heterogeneity at the scale of the whole forest [6,12,59].…”

Section: Management Implicationssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However little is known about the long-term effects of these "close-to-nature" silvicultural systems. Most previous studies dealing with selective cutting systems were conducted in northern America, where forest history is radically different compared to European forests [6,12,29,31,35,66]. In Europe, comparative surveys between "traditional" treatments and "modern silviculture" mainly involve evenaged plantations for which the disturbance regime strongly differs from the one characterizing selective cutting systems [2,5,64].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silviculture-driven vegetation change in a European temperate deciduous forest

et al. 2005

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-Forest management consists in anthropogenic disturbances that are able to modulate ecological features, resource availability and successional patterns. Plant communities are thus expected to react differently to contrasted silvicultural systems. We compared plant species composition between stands submitted to a traditional management since many centuries (i.e. coppice-with-standards treatment, stands intensively but infrequently disturbed) and stands recently converted into a selective cutting system (stands moderately but frequently disturbed), over uniform edaphic and topographic conditions. We found significant differences in species composition between both systems. Despite a strong shift in species composition among different stages of the coppice cycle, coppice-with-standards stands supported the highest number of true forest species. Selectively-cut stands were more homogeneous and characterized by ruderal "generalist" species. These fast changes in vegetation composition were related to differences in a group of factors that are directly or indirectly linked to the silvicultureassociated disturbance regime, including soil moisture, soil fertility, forest microclimate, light and game predation. We conclude that the conversion of a silvicultural system which has patterned plant communities since many centuries, induces early major changes in vegetation composition. The most negatively impacted species are the so-called "true forest species" that may be better labelled "coppice-woodland species". disturbance / microclimate / forest management / plant diversity / true forest species Résumé -Changements de la composition floristique induits par la sylviculture dans une forêt tempérée caducifoliée européenne. La sylviculture est une perturbation anthropogène capable de moduler les facteurs environnementaux, la disponibilité des ressources et la dynamique forestière. La végétation spontanée est donc susceptible de réagir différemment à des systèmes sylviculturaux contrastés. La composition floristique de parcelles forestières traitées en taillis-sous-futaie depuis plusieurs siècles a été comparée à celle de parcelles récemment converties en futaie irrégulière coupée « pied-à-pied », en conditions édaphique et topographique uniformes. Malgré des différences importantes en fonction du temps écoulé depuis la dernière coupe, la partie de la forêt traitée en taillis-sous-futaie hébergeait un nombre plus important d'espèces forestières. Les parcelles en futaie irrégulière étaient plus homogènes et caractérisées par des espèces rudérales « généralistes ». Ces changements précoces de la composition spécifique ont pu être reliés à des modifications du contexte environnemental, directement ou indirectement induites par la sylviculture, incluant l'humidité et la fertilité du sol, le microclimat forestier, la lumière et la prédation par le chevreuil. La conversion d'un type sylvicultural, qui a façonné les communautés végétales durant des siècles, induit donc rapidement des changements majeurs dans la compositi...

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Section: Management Implicationssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silviculture-driven vegetation change in a European temperate deciduous forest

et al. 2005

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“…For most logging operations, it is easier and safer to retain a variety of old-forest attributes, such as decaying trees, within a group than as dispersed individual trees. Groups also have undisturbed understorey vegetation and forest floor conditions that may be difficult to maintain using dispersed retention (Beese and Bryant 1999).…”

Section: Prescriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining attributes of old-growth forests in coastal B.C. through variable retention

Beese¹,

Dunsworth²,

Zielke³

et al. 2003

The Forestry Chronicle

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Variable retention is a new approach to harvesting and silvicultural systems that was developed by ecologists in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to address a wide array of forest management goals. Variable retention recognizes that natural disturbances, such as fire, wind or disease, nearly always leave some standing structure from the original forest. This structural complexity plays an important role in forest ecosystem function and biological diversity. A new "retention silvicultural system" was defined that leaves trees distributed throughout harvested areas. This system facilitates retention of structural features of old-growth forests, such as live and dead trees of varying sizes, multiple canopy layers, and coarse woody debris. Weyerhaeuser's British Columbia Coastal Group will use the variable retention approach for all harvesting by 2003. More than 75% of the company's coastal harvesting in British Columbia used variable retention in 2001. Company guidelines describe the amount, type, and spatial distribution of retention for groups and individual trees. An adaptive management program is monitoring the amount and type of structural attributes retained in relation to the original forest.Key words: old-growth forests, variable retention, silvicultural systems, biodiversity, landscape zoning La conservation variable est une nouvelle approche aux systèmes de récolte et de sylviculture que des écologistes de la région du Nord-Ouest du Pacifique, en Amérique du Nord, ont mis au point pour atteindre un vaste ensemble d'objectifs pour l'aménagement forestier. La conservation variable reconnaît que des facteurs naturels de perturbation tels que le feu, le vent ou la maladie laissent presque toujours sur leur passage une structure résiduelle de la foret antérieure. Cette complexité structurelle joue un rôle important dans la fonction d'écosystème de la forêt et dans sa diversité biologique. On a défini un nouveau « système sylvicole de conservation » qui laisse subsister des arbres distribués sur les parterres de coupe. Ce système facilite la conservation des caractéristiques structurales des vieilles forêts telles que des arbres vivants et morts de tailles variables, des étages multiples du couvert et des débris ligneux grossiers. Chez Weyerhaeuser, le groupe « BC Coastal » appliquera cette approche à toute la récolte, dès 2003. Pour plus de 75 % de la récolte pratiquée dans la zone côtière de la Colombie-Britannique, cette société employait la conservation variable en 2001. Les lignes directrices que s'est données la compagnie décrivent, pour des groupes d'arbres et des arbres individuels, la quantité, le type et la répar-tition spatiale de la conservation. Un programme d'aménagement adaptatif permet de contrôler la quantité et le type de caractères structuraux conservés relativement à ceux de la forêt antérieure.

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“…Pygmy Nuthatches were less abundant in partially logged than unlogged forests of ponderosa pine (Hejl 1994). Red breasted Nuthatches, along with all other cavity-nesters studied, declined in thinned areas on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Beese and Bryant 1999). Red-breasted Nuthatches showed no preference between 'control' units and units with various degrees of silvicultural thinning in Douglas-fir forests of Oregon (Hagar 1999) or ponderosa pine forests in northeastern Wyoming (Anderson and Crompton 2002).…”

Section: Silvicultural Thinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of nuthatches (Sitta spp.) to restorative treatments in ponderosa pine ecosystems of northeastern Oregon.

Rothenbach¹

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Effect of alternative silvicultural systems on vegetation and bird communities in coastal montane forests of British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 105 publications

References 6 publications

Silviculture-driven vegetation change in a European temperate deciduous forest

Silviculture-driven vegetation change in a European temperate deciduous forest

Maintaining attributes of old-growth forests in coastal B.C. through variable retention

The response of nuthatches (Sitta spp.) to restorative treatments in ponderosa pine ecosystems of northeastern Oregon.

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