Effect of alloying elements in Fe-based hardfacings to improve the abrasive wear behavior of ploughshares

Abstract

Generally, during soil tillage it is seen that farmers complain about the higher wear rate of agricultural implement. Wear of cultivator shovels is one of the major problem faced by farmers in the agricultural sector. Any improvement in the life of ploughshares will be of great significance to the farming sector. The aim of the present work is to improve the life of cultivator shovels by way of hardfacings by shielded metal arc welding process. The wear behavior of bare (EN-47 steel) and four different hardfacings (H1, H2, VB, and LH550) having different chromium content (i.e. 0.86% Cr, 2.4% Cr, 3.19% Cr, and 6.72% Cr) were investigated with regard to wear behavior. A test was conducted on a 60 ha area of the wheat field after harvesting (latitude 30.121207, longitude 75.009159). During the time of cultivation soil was dry and hard. Wear behavior of bare and hardfaced steel was analyzed in terms of weight loss (g/ha) and by wear resistance indices. Techniques like optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis were used for testing. The hardfaced steel has shown significantly better wear behavior in comparison to bare steel except H2. Wear of ploughshares according to cultivated area was found to be 3.459 g/ha for regular, 3.41 g/ha for H1, 4.267 g/ha for H2, 2.553 g/ha for VB, and 1.993 g/ha for LH550 hardfacing. The WRIs of different hardfacings, i.e. H1, H2, VB, and LH550 were found to be 1.014, 0.81, 1.354, and 1.735.

Modeling and multiple optimization in face milling of hardfacing welding applied steel: Force, roughness, power

“…In the presence of wear, corrosion, and other surface deterioration, hardfacing welding allows for the economical repair of metallic parts. 2 Although filling is done faster with submerged arc and gas arc welding methods, the most widely used method is electric arc welding due to its low equipment cost and its easily applicable to many part geometries. 3 Hardfacing welding, it is used in many industrial applications such as locomotive wheels, crankshafts, mixers, crusher jaws, construction equipment parts, rolling rollers, shearing/trimming blades, punches, cutting dies, and injection molds.…”

Tribological performance of hardfaced and heat treated EN-47 steel used for tillage applications

“…Researchers are striving hard to improve the life of tillage tools by applying various surface modification techniques [16,[19][20][21][22]. Wear resistance of tillage tools can be enhanced by Quenching and Tempering (Q&T) [10,23], Carburizing [24,25], Boriding [26,27], Carbo-Nitriding [28,29], Nitriding [30,31], cryogenics [32,33], Weld overlying [34][35][36], Coatings [37,38] and Laser hardening [39,40].…”

Characterization of W–Cr Metal Matrix Composite Coatings Reinforced with WC Particles Produced on Low-Carbon Steel Using Laser Processing of Precoat

“…In the literature, there are descriptions of methods and techniques of increasing wear resistance by friction of tools mainly through the use of ceramic materials [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], as well as diffusion processes, which may result in the formation of hard and wear-resistant carbides [ 19 ] or borides [ 20 ]. High-energy methods such as thermal spraying [ 21 ] or hardfacing [ 17 , 18 ] are also often used. It is on the methods using high-energy sources that the greatest hopes are currently placed [ 11 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Such layers have a composite structure, i.e., they are composed of a metal matrix reinforcing with hard intermetallic phases. The most commonly used matrices involve iron [ 6 , 7 , 17 , 18 , 26 ], nickel [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 36 , 38 , 40 ], cobalt [ 33 ], and alloys containing these elements. These alloys are characterized by good wettability of the reinforcing phase, facilitating adherence of this phase.…”

“…The addition of WC particles is intended primarily to increase the hardness of the coating and its wear resistance. Many publications focused on laser cladding [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] or laser alloying [41] using hard materials for different applications where high microhardness or wear resistance are required, for example, agriculture [16][17][18]. The authors of [6] presented the microstructure, microhardness, and wear properties of Fe-based coatings reinforced with various contents of WC particles produced on H13 hot-working die steel using laser cladding technology.…”