Effect of Alloying Elements and Technological Parameters of Austempering on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)

Keleş, Ali; Cengız, Rabia; Yildirim, Mehmet

doi:10.1007/s11041-023-00914-1

Met Sci Heat Treat

2023

DOI: 10.1007/s11041-023-00914-1

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Effect of Alloying Elements and Technological Parameters of Austempering on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)

Ali Keleş,

Rabia Cengız,

Mehmet Yildirim

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…One notable example is Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI), a form of ductile cast iron strengthened through an isothermal transformation, which has been utilized since 1972 [3]. The matrix of ADI comprises a blend of high-carbon austenite and bainitic ferrite, known as ausferrite [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This matrix is achieved through a heat treatment process involving austenitization (~900-950 • C) followed by quenching and isothermal holding (~250-400 • C).…”

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Structural and Phase Analysis of the Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron Matrix Obtained by Heat Treatment and in the Raw State

Klimek,

Gumienny,

Januszewicz

et al. 2024

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This paper presents a comparative analysis of ausferritic ductile cast iron matrix obtained through heat treatment and in its raw state. Ausferrite without heat treatment was achieved by modifying the chemical composition, while nodular graphite was produced using Inmold technology. The presence of compacted graphite in the as-cast ausferritic cast iron was attributed to elements that impede the crystallization of nodular graphite. This study demonstrates that an ausferritic matrix in ductile cast iron can be achieved by incorporating molybdenum in conjunction with nickel or copper. Thermal and derivative analysis (TDA) revealed a minor thermal effect during the transformation of austenite into bainitic ferrite in as-cast ausferritic cast iron. Furthermore, the transformation of austenite in cast iron containing nickel was observed to occur at a temperature of approximately 60 °C higher than in cast iron with copper. The structure of bainitic ferrite platelets in as-cast ausferritic ductile cast iron resembled that of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). It was revealed that the amount of austenite in as-cast ausferritic ductile cast iron is more than double that in ADI. The carbon content of austenite was estimated theoretically, revealing that alloying additives in the as-cast ausferritic ductile cast iron reduce the solubility of carbon in austenite, thereby significantly influencing the properties of the cast iron.

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confidence: 99%

Structural and Phase Analysis of the Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron Matrix Obtained by Heat Treatment and in the Raw State

Klimek,

Gumienny,

Januszewicz

et al. 2024

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Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Y Added CoCrFeNi High-entropy Alloys Produced by Arc-melting

Polat,

Kotan

2024

Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering

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The CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure exhibits excellent ductility values even at cryogenic temperatures. However, since this HEA is relatively weak in strength, it may not meet the requirements of industrial applications in terms of strength-ductility trade-off. Therefore, the systematic addition of yttrium (Y) into CoCrFeNi HEA was investigated in the present study to increase the strength by solid solution and second phase strengthening. The HEAs were produced by vacuum arc melting, suction casting, and subsequent homogenization at 1150 °C for 24 h. The structural development of the HEAs was investigated by using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique revealing the formation of a solid solution phase and Ni3Y-type hexagonal structure (HS) second phase. The corresponding microstructure of the HEAs was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealing the transformation of the microstructure from elongated grains to nearly equiaxed grains with the increase of Y content from 2 at. % to 4 at. %. The mechanical properties of the HEAs were investigated by using hardness and compression tests. The results exhibited a dramatic increase in the hardness from 143 (±2) HV to 335 (±7) HV and in the yield strength from 130 MPa to 1025 MPa with 4 at. % Y addition. Our study has revealed that the addition of rare earth Y element results in further development in the strength of the CoCrFeNi for potential engineering applications.

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Effect of Alloying Elements and Technological Parameters of Austempering on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron (ADI)

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Structural and Phase Analysis of the Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron Matrix Obtained by Heat Treatment and in the Raw State

Structural and Phase Analysis of the Ausferritic Ductile Cast Iron Matrix Obtained by Heat Treatment and in the Raw State

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Y Added CoCrFeNi High-entropy Alloys Produced by Arc-melting

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