Effect of Alloy Composition and Exposure Conditions on the Selective Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Fe–Cr and Fe–Cr–X Alloys

Meier, G. H.; Jung, Kyu Yong; Mu, N.; Yanar, N. M.; Pettit, F. S.; Abellán, J. Pirón; Olszewski, Tomasz K.; Hierro, L. Nieto; Quadakkers, W. J.; Holcomb, Gordon R.

doi:10.1007/s11085-010-9215-5

Cited by 177 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The oxide scales formed on stainless steels, in the temperature range 500-900°C, directly after the breakaway event, have been characterized in several papers [5,[13][14][15][16][17]. The ''breakaway scale'' typically consists of an inward-growing part consisting of spinel oxide ?…”

Section: Fecr-o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refs. [1][2][3][4][5]. The useful life of an alloy component that suffers breakaway oxidation depends both on the incubation time prior to breakaway and on the scale growth rate after breakaway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refs. [1][2][3][4][5]. A recent paper describes the detailed microstructure of several cases of ''breakaway scales'' observed on a FeCrNi stainless steel that had been exposed to a variety of environments at 600°C [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Temperature Oxidation of FeCr(Ni) Alloys: The Behaviour After Breakaway

Jonsson

Larsson²,

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Oxid Met

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The oxidation of an austenitic FeCr(Ni) steel at 600°C in H 2 O ? KCl ? O 2 /H 2 ? H 2 O ? Ar environments is studied up to 168 h. The oxidation behaviour after ''breakaway'' is investigated by microstructural investigations, and thermodynamic calculations (Thermo-Calc) on the FeCr(Ni)-O system are used to interpret the results. The characteristic ''breakaway'' scale morphology exhibits an outward-growing iron oxide and a bottom layer consisting of inward-growing spinel oxide and reaction zones containing Cr-rich oxide precipitates and Cr-depleted metal. The equilibrium calculations show that a miscibility gap appears in the FeCr spinel oxide below 665°C influencing the microstructure of the inward-growing scale. Equilibrium calculations on the FeCrNi-O system show that Ni is not expected to enter the spinel oxide in low oxygen activity conditions, in accordance with observations.

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Section: Fecr-o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Temperature Oxidation of FeCr(Ni) Alloys: The Behaviour After Breakaway

Jonsson

Larsson²,

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Oxid Met

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“…However, the concept has been widely used for analyzing oxidation in concentrated alloys in many Fe-and Ni-based alloy systems with high concentrations of active elements ( Ref 7,39,[41][42][43][44][45]. Although internal oxidation is always possible during high-temperature oxidation, the question is whether internal oxidation is the primary cause for breakaway oxidation.…”

Section: Effect Of Metallic Nanonetwork On the Diffusion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Element Diffusion Through Metallic Networks During Oxidation of Type 321 Stainless Steel

Zeng

Natesan

Cai

et al. 2014

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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A detailed study was conducted on localized oxidation on Type 321 stainless steel (321ss) using synchrotron x-ray nanobeam analysis along with Raman microscopy. The results showed the presence of metallic nanonetworks in the oxide scales, which plays an important role in the continued oxidation of the alloy at 750°C. A mechanism is proposed to explain the rapid oxidation of 321ss in complex gaseous environments at elevated temperature. Neutral metal atoms could diffuse outward, and carbon atoms could diffuse inward through the metallic nanonetworks in oxide layers. Alternately, diffusion tunnels can dramatically affect the phase composition of the oxide scales. Since the diffusion rate of neutral metal and carbon atoms through the metallic nanonetworks can be much faster than the diffusion of cations through Cr 2 O 3 , the metallic nanonetwork provides a path through the protective Cr 2 O 3 layer for the rapid outward diffusion of metallic chromium and iron atoms to the nonprotective spinel layer. This diffusion process affects the solidstate reaction near the alloy-oxide boundary, and a dense Cr 2 O 3 protective layer does not form. The classic stable structure of the oxide scales, with a dense Cr 2 O 3 layer at the bottom, is damaged by the rapid diffusion through the tunnel at the reaction front, resulting in locally accelerated oxidation. This process can subsequently lead to ''breakaway'' oxidation and catastrophic failure of the alloy.

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“…Materials to contain and convey hot gases rich in CO 2 are needed in various carbon capture technologies currently being developed. The process gases concerned are expected from their composition (principally CO 2 plus H 2 O) to induce oxidation, but seem to pose no threat to conventional materials in terms of carburisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%