Effect of all-<i>trans</i>retinoic acid on tissue dynamics of choriocarcinoma cell lines: an organotypic model

Chiu, Pei-Chen; Feng, Huichen; Benbrook, Doris M.; Ngan, Hextan Y.S.; Khoo, Ui‐Soon; Xue, Weicheng; Tsao, Sai‐Wah; Chan, Kwok–Wah; Cheung, Annie N.Y.

doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.025833

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Migration and invasion assays were performed as previously described. 34 Briefly, cells were plated on the upper compartment of a Transwell chamber. For migration assays, cells were migrated through an 8-m pore size membrane.…”

Section: In Vitro Migration and Invasion Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of NANOG in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

Siu

Wong

Chan

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Pathology

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Gestational trophoblastic disease includes choriocarcinoma, a frankly malignant tumor, and hydatidiform mole (HM), which often leads to the development of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and requires chemotherapy. NANOG is an important transcription factor that is crucial for maintaining embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. We postulated that NANOG is involved in the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic disease. In this study, significantly higher NANOG mRNA and protein expression levels, by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, respectively, were demonstrated in HMs, particularly those that developed persistent disease, when compared with normal placentas. In addition, significantly increased nuclear NANOG immunoreactivity was found by immunohistochemistry in HMs (P < 0.001) and choriocarcinoma (P ‫؍‬ 0.002). Higher NANOG expression levels were demonstrated in HMs that developed persistent disease, as compared with those that regressed (P ‫؍‬ 0.025). Nuclear localization of NANOG was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting in choriocarcinoma cell lines. There was a significant inverse correlation between NANOG immunoreactivity and apoptotic index assessed by M30 CytoDeath antibody (P ‫؍‬ 0.012). After stable knockdown of NANOG in the choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 by an shRNA approach, increased apoptosis was observed in relation to with enhanced caspases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activities. NANOG knockdown was also associated with decreased mobility and invasion of JEG-3 and downregulation of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9. These findings suggest that NANOG is involved in the pathogenesis and clinical progress of gestational trophoblastic disease , likely through its effect on apoptosis , cell migration , and invasion.

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Section: In Vitro Migration and Invasion Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of NANOG in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

Siu

Wong

Chan

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…51, 52). Apoptosis in paraffin-embedded sections was revealed by TUNEL staining (53) as per the manufacture's directions (kit S7101; Chemicon International).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

NF-κB regulation of endothelial cell function during LPS-induced toxemia and cancer

Kisseleva¹,

Li²,

et al. 2006

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The transcription factor NF-κB is an important regulator of homeostatic growth and inflammation. Although gene-targeting studies have revealed important roles for NF-κB, they have been complicated by component redundancy and lethal phenotypes. To examine the role of NF-κB in endothelial tissues, Tie2 promoter/enhancer-IκBα S32A/S36A transgenic mice were generated. These mice grew normally but exhibited enhanced sensitivity to LPS-induced toxemia, notable for an increase in vascular permeability and apoptosis. Moreover, B16-BL6 tumors grew significantly more aggressively in transgenic mice, underscoring a new role for NF-κB in the homeostatic response to cancer. Tumor vasculature in transgenic mice was extensive and disorganized. This correlated with a marked loss in tight junction formation and suggests that NF-κB plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular integrity and response to stress.

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“…IT follows from the findings of this study that drugs like plant extracts [like Carica papaya extract which contains retinoids] are themselves the endogenous defence substances of their own organism and they defend the human or other organism's body from disease infection and disorder just as they protect their own organism (Guruswamy and Benbrook, 2006;Holmes et al, 2004;Benbrook et al, 1997;Chiu et al, 2006). The structure of such benevolent substances would therefore resemble those of a host organism's defence mediator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Surface Receptor Theory of Disease Infectivity; Body's Defence and Normal Body Functioning in Living Things

Utoh-Nedosa¹

2011

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:A study of the pattern of Candida spp. infection of the human body and the mode and pattern of reaction of the human body to this infection showed that disease infectivity and self healing by plants followed the same procedures and patterns. Approach: A comparism of these procedures and patterns of natural self-healing of disease infection by the human body and plants/plant parts with the cutaneous Candida spp. killing and elimination procedures and patterns of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract, showed that cell surface receptors are the sites through which disease infects the body and also the sites at which the body is defended. They are also the sites where activities which result in normal body functioning are carried out. The mode and patterns of Cutaneous Candida infection in a human subject and its containment by the body was examined and photographed. The disease infection and self healing procedures and patterns of plants were also examined in comparism with those of their healthy counterparts and photographed. The findings from the observations on disease infectivity and natural body's defence patterns and procedures of the plant parts studied and those of the human body in reaction to Candida spp. infection were compared with those of the Candida spp. killing procedures and patterns of aqueous and Arachis hypogeal oil extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf. Results: The findings of this study also showed that disease-infective organisms gain access to the body of a host through attachment to the cell surface receptors of that host which are placed linearly and are interconnected by channels. The results of the study also indicated that living organisms have a main endogenous substance that mediates both their body's defence and their normal physiological functioning which is therefore the owner of the cell surface receptor. Other endogenous substances which participate in normal body functioning/body's defence or in body's offence like hormones, drugs, toxins and venoms interact with the body through the cell surface receptors (which are the receptors of the main mediator of the body's defence and normal functioning of an organism. Substances like lidocaine (an anesthetic); tetrodotoxin and afflatoxin therefore inhibit or antagonize the normal functioning of the body by blocking the excitatory actions of the mediator of normal body functioning. Conclusion: The study concludes that cell surface receptors are the sites through which infective organisms attach to the body of a host and that the cell surface receptor has two reactive terminals or heads with which endogenous and exogenous substances like drugs and infective pathogens interact with the body of a living organism.

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Effect of all-transretinoic acid on tissue dynamics of choriocarcinoma cell lines: an organotypic model

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Overexpression of NANOG in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

Overexpression of NANOG in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases

NF-κB regulation of endothelial cell function during LPS-induced toxemia and cancer

Cell Surface Receptor Theory of Disease Infectivity; Body's Defence and Normal Body Functioning in Living Things

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