Effect of alkyl chain length of benzalkonium chloride on the bactericidal activity and binding to organic materials.

Jono, Kumiko; Takayama, Tamotsu; Kuno, Mitsuzo; Higashide, Eiji

doi:10.1248/cpb.34.4215

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…These differences may in part be responsible for differences in efficacy of these two groups of quaternary ammonium compounds in killing E. sakazakii suspended in water. Benzalkonium chloride is known to have different bactericidal activities depending on the length of its hydrophobic chain (24). The general order of antibacterial activity, which depends on the length of the alkyl chain, has been reported to be C 14 Ͼ C 16 Ͼ C 12 Ն C 18 Ͼ C 10 Ͼ C 8 (24,29,46).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzalkonium chloride is known to have different bactericidal activities depending on the length of its hydrophobic chain (24). The general order of antibacterial activity, which depends on the length of the alkyl chain, has been reported to be C 14 Ͼ C 16 Ͼ C 12 Ն C 18 Ͼ C 10 Ͼ C 8 (24,29,46). Merianos (35) reported that C 12 , C 14 , and C 16 homologues are most effective in inactivating yeasts and molds, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Killing Enterobacter sakazakii in Suspension, Dried on the Surface of Stainless Steel, and in a Biofilm

Kim

Ryu

Beuchat

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The effectiveness of 13 disinfectants used in hospitals, day-care centers, and food service kitchens in killing Enterobacter sakazakii in suspension, dried on the surface of stainless steel, and in biofilm was determined. E. sakazakii exhibited various levels of resistance to the disinfectants, depending on the composition of the disinfectants, amount and type of organic matrix surrounding cells, and exposure time. Populations of planktonic cells suspended in water (7.22 to 7.40 log CFU/ml) decreased to undetectable levels (<0.30 log CFU/ml) within 1 to 5 min upon treatment with disinfectants, while numbers of cells in reconstituted infant formula were reduced by only 0.02 to 3.69 log CFU/ml after the treatment for 10 min. The presence of infant formula also enhanced the resistance to the disinfectants of cells dried on the surface of stainless steel. The resistance of cells to disinfectants in 6-day-old and 12-day-old biofilms on the surface of stainless steel was not significantly different. The overall order of efficacy of disinfectants in killing E. sakazakii was planktonic cells > cells inoculated and dried on stainless steel > cells in biofilms on stainless steel. Findings show that disinfectants routinely used in hospital, day-care, and food service kitchen settings are ineffective in killing some cells of E. sakazakii embedded in organic matrices.Enterobacter sakazakii causes meningitis (7, 19), sepsis (47), bacteremia (40), and necrotizing enterocolitis (51) in preterm neonates and infants. Powdered infant formula has been implicated as a source of E. sakazakii in outbreaks of infections (2,5,6,21,39,40,47,51). In surveys done to determine the presence of E. sakazakii in powdered infant formula, the organism was detected in 2.4 to 14.2% of the products tested (22,38).The presence of E. sakazakii on the surface of utensils and equipment used for infant formula preparation has been reported to occur in clinical settings where neonatal infections have been documented (2,10,40,47). The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces (22,27,30) raises the possibility that infections may occur following cross-contamination of freshly prepared infant formulas upon contact with soiled surfaces in formula preparation areas in hospitals, day-care centers, food service kitchens, and the home. Food-borne pathogens, e.g., Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, and spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. have enhanced resistance to antibiotics or sanitizers when cells are in biofilms (13,17,18,43), thus increasing the potential for survival on these surfaces.Surface disinfection is routinely carried out in formula preparation areas in hospitals, food service kitchens, and day-care centers by applying liquid chemical disinfectants to food contact and non-food contact surfaces. The microbicidal activity of commercial surface cleaners and disinfectants is largely based on quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolic compounds, organic acids, alcohols, chlorine, and iodophors. Various commercial hard...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Killing Enterobacter sakazakii in Suspension, Dried on the Surface of Stainless Steel, and in a Biofilm

Kim

Ryu

Beuchat

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…35) The hydrophobic chain length may partly affect the detergent activity on the cytoplasmic membrane. The MIC of fatty amines also depended on hydrophobic chain length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Saturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Amines against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Kitahara

Koyama

Matsuda

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

102

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“…BA14Cl has been considered to be one of the safest antimicrobial agents and has a long history of efficacious use. 8,9 In the previous study, 7 it has been shown that textile products treated with BA14BEHS exhibited high antimicrobial activities. The present paper also describes the results of an antimicrobial test with BA14BEHS-blended PVC film.…”

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confidence: 95%

Viscoelasticity, Leachability, and Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(vinyl chloride) Blended with Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfonatosuccinate

Katano¹,

Tsukatani²

2010

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium (BA14 + ) salt with bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonatosuccinate (BEHS ¹ ) anion maintains its liquid state even at room temperature, so it can be regarded as a halogen-free low-volatile liquid material. In this study, the potential use of BA14BEHS as additive for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been investigated. The temperature dependence of the storage and loss moduli of PVC films blended with BA14BEHS showed a similar trend of that with a traditional plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The glass transition temperature of the PVC films determined as the peak top temperature in loss modulus was lowered with increasing BA14BEHS content. The 10% BA14BEHS-blended PVC film was placed in contact with water and heptane, but BA14BEHS could not be detected from the aqueous and organic media. The results indicate that BA14BEHS can be applied as a plasticizer for PVC. Since BA14BEHS can be used to give textiles antimicrobial properties, the activity of the BA14BEHS-blended PVC film was assayed against Escherichia coli JM109. In spite of the low-leachability of BA14BEHS, the PVC film showed a significant antimicrobial activity.

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Effect of alkyl chain length of benzalkonium chloride on the bactericidal activity and binding to organic materials.

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Killing Enterobacter sakazakii in Suspension, Dried on the Surface of Stainless Steel, and in a Biofilm

Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Killing Enterobacter sakazakii in Suspension, Dried on the Surface of Stainless Steel, and in a Biofilm

Antimicrobial Activity of Saturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Amines against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Viscoelasticity, Leachability, and Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(vinyl chloride) Blended with Benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfonatosuccinate

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