Effect of alkali-soluble resin emulsifiers on coalescence and interdiffusion between latex polymer particles

González, Edurne; Tollan, Christopher; Paulis, Marı́a; Barandiaran, Marı́a J.

doi:10.1007/s00396-015-3635-3

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These observations are in line with previous reports which indicated that the annealing of ASR-stabilized polymer films at elevated temperatures influences the film formation and the coating surface characteristics. [31,33,34,36,38] DSC measurements of the vacuum-dried free-standing films of the coating show two glass transition temperatures (T g ) at 24 and 90 °C (Figure S7, Supporting Information). The lowest T g corresponds to the acrylic polymer particles and the highest originates from the ASR.…”

Section: Coating Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,[27][28][29][30] The film formation of ASR-stabilized dispersions has also been extensively researched. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] One of the key findings is that the high glass transition temperature (T g ) of the ASR shell around the polymer core hinders the diffusion of polymer chains across the particle boundaries. Thus, increasing the annealing temperature close to the T g of the ASR improves film formation, which is expected to enhance the coatings' properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, increasing the annealing temperature close to the T g of the ASR improves film formation, which is expected to enhance the coatings' properties. Although several reports have been published on the optimization of ASR-based emulsion polymerizations [27,28,39,40] and film formation properties of ASR-supported dispersions, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] the water barrier performance of ASR-stabilized waterborne coatings has not yet been addressed. Herein, we investigate the relation between the characteristics of an ASR-based waterborne coating and its water barrier performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Barrier Properties of Resin‐Stabilized Waterborne Coatings for Paperboard

Bakker

Aarts

Esteves

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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The replacement of plastic packaging by paperboard can significantly contribute to meeting sustainability goals in important application fields, such as in food packaging. The (water) barrier properties of paperboard‐based products need, however, to be improved. Waterborne coatings offer an environmentally friendly possibility to enhance these barrier properties, which in turn highly depend on the coating chemistry and film formation. Here, the relation between the characteristics of a waterborne coating and its water barrier performance is investigated. A waterborne polymer dispersion is prepared by emulsion polymerization, using an alkali‐soluble resin (ASR) as stabilizing agent. The ASR‐stabilized dispersion is applied as a coating on paperboard. During this application, the carboxylate groups of the ASR are converted to uncharged carboxylic acids. The coatings are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the water barrier properties are evaluated by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and the Cobb method. It is found that the water barrier performance is dominated by the carboxylate concentration remaining in the film, which is dependent on the moisture content. High drying temperatures improve particle deformation and polymer flow during coating formation, but do not influence the water barrier performance.

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Section: Coating Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Barrier Properties of Resin‐Stabilized Waterborne Coatings for Paperboard

Bakker

Aarts

Esteves

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…In fact, whereas the viscosity of the blend containing D_1 latex is in the lower part of the critical viscosity window observed in Figure 3 (between 0.14 and 0.23 Pa·s), the one of the blend containing latex AA_1 is above it. Furthermore, it should be noted that film formation of latexes is influenced by the surface chemistry of the polymer particles [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Some authors have demonstrated that the presence of carboxylic acid groups on the particle surface can lead to a hydroplasticization phenomenon enhancing the film formation [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Green electrospinning is a relatively new promising technology in which a polymer (latex) can be spun from an aqueous dispersion with the help of a template polymer. This method is a green, clean and safe technology that is able to spin hydrophobic polymers using water as an electrospinning medium. In this article, a systematic study that investigates the influence of the template polymer molar mass, the total solids content of the initial dispersion and the particle/template ratio is presented. Furthermore, the influence of the surfactant used to stabilize the polymer particles, the surface functionality of the polymer particles and the use of a bimodal particle size distribution on the final fiber morphology is studied for the first time. In green electrospinning, the viscosity of the initial complex blend depends on the amount and molar mass of the template polymer but also on the total solids content of the dispersion to be spun. Thus, both parameters must be carefully taken into account in order to fine-tune the final fiber morphology. Additionally, the particle packing and the surface chemistry of the polymer particles also play an important role in the obtained nanofibers quality.

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“…In this way, surfactant‐free polymer dispersions can be obtained. The film formation process of such polymer latexes way has been studied . By now, this technology is an established, commercially relevant polymer technology for a broad array of coatings and graphic arts applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The colloidal properties of alkaline‐soluble waterborne polymers

Scheerder

Dollekens

Langermans

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Waterborne polymer dispersions are widely used in coatings and graphic arts markets as environmentally friendly and more sustainable alternatives to solvent borne binders. Traditionally, waterborne (meth)acrylic dispersions are prepared by emulsion polymerization using low molar mass surfactants as a key ingredient to control particle size. However, these surfactants can have a negative influence on the performance of coatings such as reduced water resistance and adhesion. To mitigate the negative effects of surfactants, polymer latexes have been developed that employ alkaline-soluble polymers as the sole stabilizer for a subsequent emulsion polymerization step. In this way surfactant-free polymer dispersions are obtained. Despite the high commercial impact and relevance of this technology, fundamental studies regarding the physicochemical properties of the alkaline-soluble polymers are lacking. In this article, the synthesis and colloidal properties of alkaline-soluble waterborne methacrylic copolymers are reported. The dissolution behavior and colloidal properties of these alkaline-soluble polymers were studied as function of molar mass, acid content, and pH. The dissolving polymer particles were characterized using static and dynamic light scattering, static and dynamic surface tension measurements, and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy analysis. It is concluded that the dissolution mechanism of alkalinesoluble polymers follows a gradual process. As the pH increases deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups swells the particle enhancing the further swelling with water. At a certain amount of base, the particles disintegrate into small polymer aggregates while the most water-soluble polymer chains are dissolved in the water phase. An important learning is that part of the alkaline-soluble polymer resides in very small particles (<5 nm). The formation of these polymer particles below 5 nm was not reported previously and offers a new insight into the dissolution mechanism of alkaline soluble polymers. The most important parameter steering this process is the acid value of the polymer, while the molar mass plays a modest role. The understanding gained in this study can be used to further advance alkaline-soluble polymers as stabilizer in surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technology, improving the performance of a wide range of industrially relevant coatings.

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Effect of alkali-soluble resin emulsifiers on coalescence and interdiffusion between latex polymer particles

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Water Barrier Properties of Resin‐Stabilized Waterborne Coatings for Paperboard

Water Barrier Properties of Resin‐Stabilized Waterborne Coatings for Paperboard

Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology

The colloidal properties of alkaline‐soluble waterborne polymers

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