Effect of alkali-enhanced biochar on silicon uptake and suppression of gray leaf spot development in perennial ryegrass

Wang, Meng; Wang, Jim J.; Tafti, Negar; Hollier, C. A.; Myers, Gerald O.; Wang, Xudong

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.013

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A range of biochar–rhizosphere mechanisms are potentially responsible for these in planta responses (Graber et al, 2014), involving biochar's varied direct and indirect influences on the soil/rhizosphere/pathogen/microbiome/plant system. Some of these include: release of Si from biochar (especially straw and rice husk biochars), reported to increase disease resistance and plant growth (Wang, Wang, et al, 2019) by suppression of initial infection and pathogen access to plant tissues; adsorption by biochar of extracellular pathogenic enzymes and toxins (released by soil pathogens to dissolve and poison roots) lowering their concentrations in the root zone (Jaiswal, Frenkel, et al, 2018); induced systemic acquired resistance through upregulation of genes and pathways associated with plant defense and growth (Jaiswal et al, 2020); and adsorption and deactivation of plant signaling molecules that induce germination of parasitic weed seeds (Eizenberg et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6; decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39%; build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%); and reduce non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the diversity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy.

show abstract

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies have shown that urea is converted to ammonia in the soil which has a nematocidal activity (Tenuta and Lazarovits, 2002). In a study to evaluate the effect of alkali-enhanced biochar on silicon uptake and suppression of gray leaf (Magnaporthe oryzae) spot development in perennial ryegrass, Wang et al (2019) observed a reduction of the disease by 65% when applying 0 KB (biochar without alkaline enhancement) or 10 CB (alkali-enhanced biochar with CaO), and by 77% when applying 10KB (alkaki-enhanced biochar with KOH) or 10 K2B (alkali-enhanced biochar with K 2 CO 3 ) at a rate of 0.22% (5 t ha À1 ). At 1% (22.5 t ha À1 ) application rate, a reduction of 58 and 67% was observed for the treatments of 10 KB and 10 CB.…”

Section: Effects On Crop Growth and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Improved crop growth, yield, nodulation, plant physiological and chemical parameters Wali et al. (2020) Rice straw Pre Pot experiment Perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perene ) Silt loam 5 t ha −1 22.5 t ha −1 Increased tissue Si content Reduced gray leaf spot ( M. oryzae ) Improved plant growth Wang et al. (2019) Residue of spent mushroom substrate biochar post Field experiment Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) Ultisols 2590 kg ha −1 Increased soil bacterial and fungal diversity Increased soil pH by 0.27 Increased soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Mn.…”

Section: Effects Of Biochar-based Fertilizers On Soil Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review on biochar-based fertilizers: enrichment techniques and agro-environmental application

Ndoung

Figueiredo

Ramos

2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar is a carbonized biomass that can be used as a soil amendment. However, the exclusive use of biochar may present some limitations, such as the lack of nutrients. Thus, biochar enrichment techniques have made it possible to obtain biochar-based fertilizers (BCFs), with great potential to improve soil fertility. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information about the description, advantages, and limitations of the methods used for biochar enrichment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the production methods of enriched biochar and its performance in agriculture as a soil amendment. Studies demonstrate that the application of BCF is more effective in improving soil properties and crop yields than the exclusive application of pure biochar or other fertilizers. The post-pyrolysis method is the most used technique for enriching biochar. Future studies should focus on understanding the mechanisms of the long-term application of BCFs.

show abstract

“…Recently, several studies have shown that biochars produced by pyrolyzing Si-rich waste biomass could be also used as bioavailable Si source to Siaccumulator plants (Houben et al 2014;Liu et al 2014;Li et al , 2018Abbas et al 2017;Linam et al 2021). Application of biochars significantly increased Si content in stem and blades of wheat, rice, and perennial ryegrass (Liu et al 2014;Abbas et al 2017;Wang et al 2018aWang et al , 2019a. Therefore, biochar could serve as a low-cost, renewable, and environmentally friendly Si source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These biochar Si solubility characteristics have not been evaluated in regard to plant response. On the other hand, Wang et al (2018aWang et al ( ,2019a recently proposed the use of alkali-enhanced biochar as Si fertilizer. However, the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the properties of alkalienhanced biochars have not yet been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Wang

Tafti

Wang

et al. 2021

Biochar

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have shown that silicon (Si) dissolution from biochar may be influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. In addition, the enhancement of biochar by treatment with alkali has been proposed to produce a Si source that can be used for environmentally friendly plant disease control. In this study, biochars from rice straw and rice husk pretreated with KOH, CaO and K2CO3 and then pyrolyzed at 350, 450 and 550 °C were prepared to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature on Si release and plant uptake from alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar. Extractable Si and dissolution Si from the prepared biochars were assessed by different short-term chemical methods and long-term (30-day) release in dilute acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, along with a rice potting experiment in greenhouse. For both rice straw- and husk-derived alkali-enhanced biochars (RS-10KB and HS-10K2B, respectively), increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 550 °C generally had the highest extractable Si and increased Si content extracted by 5-day sodium carbonate and ammonium nitrate (5dSCAN) designated for fertilizer Si by 61–142%, whereas non-enhanced biochars had more extractable Si at 350 °C. The alkali-enhanced biochars produced at 550 °C pyrolysis temperature also released 82–172% and 27–79% more Si than that of 350 °C produced biochar in unbuffered weak acid and neutral salt solutions, respectively, over 30 days. In addition, alkali-enhanced biochars, especially that derived from rice husk at 550 °C facilitated 6–21% greater Si uptake by rice and 44–101% higher rice grain yields than lower temperature biochars, non-enhanced biochars, or conventional Si fertilizers (wollastonite and silicate calcium slag). Overall, this study demonstrated that 550 °C is more efficient than lower pyrolysis temperature for preparing alkali-enhanced biochar to improve Si release for plant growth.

show abstract

Effect of alkali-enhanced biochar on silicon uptake and suppression of gray leaf spot development in perennial ryegrass

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

A scoping review on biochar-based fertilizers: enrichment techniques and agro-environmental application

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on Si release of alkali-enhanced Si-rich biochar and plant response

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About