Effect of Alcohol on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Relation to Atherosclerosis

Hannuksela, Minna L.; Liisanantti, Marja K.; Savolainen, Markku J.

doi:10.1080/10408360290795529

Cited by 79 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 380 publications

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“…This is further confirmed by a broad array of neurological lesions found in alcoholics characterized by impaired neuronal survival, growth, neurotransmitter function and intracellular adhesion (Harper and Matsumoto 2005). Although several hypotheses have been postulated for alcohol-induced brain tissue damage including toxicity of alcohol or its metabolite acetaldehyde, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and fatty acid ethyl esters, modifications of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein particles, metabolic and excitotoxic changes as well as genetic predisposition (Hannuksela et al 2002;Kucera et al 2002;Patel et al 1997;Zhang et al 2004;Zimatkin et al 2006), none of the scenarios received full validation from clinical and experimental data. Recent evidence suggests a role of insulin sensitization in neurocognitive recovery and psychosocial adaptation in chronic alcoholics (Esler et al 2001), which is in line with the notion that alcohol intake may alter insulin secretion and autonomic activity (Flanagan et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Ren

2007

Experimental Neurology

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Reduced insulin sensitivity following chronic alcohol consumption may contribute to alcoholinduced brain damage although the underlying mechanism(s) has not been elucidated. This study was designed to examine the effect of chronic alcohol intake on insulin signaling in mouse cerebral cortex. FVB mice were fed with a 4% alcohol diet for 16 weeks. Insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1, IRS-2) and post-receptor signaling molecules Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal p70s6 kinase (p70s6k) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) as well as the apoptotic marker caspase-3 were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Chronic alcohol intake significantly dampened whole body glucose tolerance, enhanced expression of caspase-3 and mTOR, reduced p70s6k and 4E-BP1 with little effect on Akt signaling in alcohol consuming mice. These data suggest that chronic alcohol intake may contribute to cerebral cortex dysfunction through mechanisms related, at least in part, to dampened post insulin receptor signaling at the levels of mTOR, p70s6k and 4E-BP1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Ren

2007

Experimental Neurology

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“…The reduction in risk of CHD associated with low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is generally attributed to the beneficial effects of alcohol on lipids, namely high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Approximately half of the protective effects of alcohol against CHD have been suggested to be mediated by an increase in HDL cholesterol (13)(14)(15). A decrease in lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with increased alcohol consumption has also been reported, but this effect is less consistent (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed With Plasma Lipid Levels: Differences Between Whites and African Americans of the ARIC Study

Volcik

Ballantyne

Fuchs

et al. 2008

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE:Alcohol consumption has been shown to contribute to a favorable lipid profile, and most studies have reported a reduction in coronary heart disease risk with low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol that is generally attributed to the beneficial effects of alcohol on lipids. The influence of different types of alcoholic beverages on plasma lipid levels has been investigated to a lesser extent and in limited populations. METHODS:We investigated the effect of overall alcohol consumption, as well as the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, on multiple lipid measures in the large bi-ethnic population of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. RESULTS:We found both low-to-moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, regardless of the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, to result in significantly greater levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL 3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I in both white and African-American males and females. Associations with other lipid measures contrasted between whites and African Americans, with greater levels of alcohol consumption resulting in significantly greater triglyceride levels in African Americans. CONCLUSIONS:Our results confirm previous studies associating alcohol consumption, regardless of beverage type, with greater HDL cholesterol levels, with additional consistent associations detected for the major HDL cholesterol density subfraction, HDL 3 cholesterol, and the major HDL cholesterol structural apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I.

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“…19 Further studies are warranted in view of much evidence that moderate alcohol consumption confers protection against atherosclerosis. 36,37 In summary, in men undergoing treatment for moderately elevated concentrations of serum TC, higher concentrations during the treatment, but not at baseline, were strongly related to an increased risk of cerebral infarction and the decreased risk associated with statin use was almost nullified when follow-up TC was taken into account. Lowering cholesterol itself, rather than the choice of cholesterollowering regimen, is important in the prevention of cerebral infarction in patients with hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Serum Total Cholesterol and Other Factors to Risk of Cerebral Infarction in Japanese Men With Hypercholesterolemia

Iwashita

Matsushita

Sasaki

et al. 2005

Circ J

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troke is a leading cause of death and disability in industrialized countries and of the 2 major types of stroke, cerebral infarction predominates, although hemorrhagic stroke remains common in Asian populations. 1 Risk factors for cerebral infarction have not been well clarified, except for hypertension (HT). 2 Findings regarding the relation between serum total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and cerebral infarction are inconsistent in observational studies, 3-16 whereas cholesterol-lowering trials have shown a decrease in the risk of cerebral infarction among patients assigned to statin treatment. 17,18 The role of serum high-density lipoprotein-choCirculation Journal Vol.69, January 2005 lesterol (HDL-C) is receiving particular interest in the epidemiology of cerebral infarction. Low concentrations of serum HDL-C have been fairly consistently associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction. [4][5][6][7][8][9]14,19 Several,5,7,8,12,15,19 but not all, 3,6 prospective studies reported that diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction. In the study reported here, we examined the relation of serum TC and HDL-C and other factors to the risk of cerebral infarction using data from the Kyushu Lipid Intervention Study (KLIS), a primary prevention trial of coronary heart disease (CHD) events and cerebral infarction in Japanese men with moderately elevated concentrations of serum TC. [20][21][22][23] Furthermore, because few studies have investigated the risk factors for cerebral infarction in elderly persons, 6,15,19 we examined the association with these factors in middle-aged and elderly men separately. MethodsDetails of the study design, patient characteristics at baseline, and primary results of the KLIS have been described previously. [20][21][22][23] In brief, a total of 5,640 men aged 45-74 years with serum TC concentration of 220 mg/dl or greater were enrolled by 902 physicians in Kyushu District during the period between May 1990 and September 1993. Background Risk factors for cerebral infarction have not been well clarified, except for hypertension (HT), and few studies have examined the risk factors in the elderly. Methods and ResultsClinical and behavioral risk factors for cerebral infarction were examined in 4,349 Japanese men aged 45-74 years with a serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration of 220 mg/dl or greater who participated in the Kyushu Lipid Intervention Study. A total of 81 men developed definite cerebral infarction in a 5-year follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazards model was used with serum TC at baseline and during the follow-up, serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), HT, diabetes mellitus (DM), and other factors as covariates. Serum TC during the follow-up, not at baseline, was positively associated with cerebral infarction, showing a stronger association in the elderly (≥65 years old) than in the middle-aged (<65 years old). Statin use was related to a moderate decrease in the risk of cerebr...

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Effect of Alcohol on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Relation to Atherosclerosis

Cited by 79 publications

References 380 publications

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Chronic alcohol consumption alters mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces ribosomal p70s6 kinase and p4E-BP1 levels in mouse cerebral cortex

Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Type of Alcoholic Beverage Consumed With Plasma Lipid Levels: Differences Between Whites and African Americans of the ARIC Study

Relation of Serum Total Cholesterol and Other Factors to Risk of Cerebral Infarction in Japanese Men With Hypercholesterolemia

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