Effect of alcohol on emotional responses to stress.

Dengerink, H. A.; Fagan, Nancy

doi:10.15288/jsa.1978.39.525

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In fact, while some investigations have found alcohol to reduce negative aect in the laboratory (e.g. Levenson et al, 1980;Josephs and Steele, 1990), others have found no eect or found alcohol to actually increase anxiety (Dengerink and Fagan, 1978;Abrams and Wilson, 1979;Keane and Lisman, 1980). Smoking/nicotine reduces negative aects when stressor stimuli are ambiguous and/or anticipatory/distal, but not when stressor stimuli are proximal, unambiguous and without engaging distractor stimuli (e.g.…”

Section: Situation-dependent Aect Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation � Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) Model of Drug Use, Effects, and Craving

Gilbert¹

1997

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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This review examines situational and trait factors that in¯uence drug use, craving, and the aect-modulating eects of drugs. Situation-and personality-dependent cognitive, emotional, and biological eects of psychoactive drugs are addressed within the context of the recently developed Situation by Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) model. It is argued that drugs do not have inherent (situation-and trait-independent) eects on emotion and related aective processes. Emotion modulation is accomplished by three overall mechanisms: (1) enhanced goal achievement via cognitive performance enhancement; (2) alteration of cognitive capacity and/or attentional processes; and (3) cognitive-aective information priming/biasing towards positive associations and away from negative schemas. Further, the lateralized neural network hypothesis of the STAR model is extended from previous formulations to provide an integrative framework for understanding relationships of cognitive, aective, and learning mechanisms underlying drug use urges and behaviour.

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Section: Situation-dependent Aect Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation � Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) Model of Drug Use, Effects, and Craving

Gilbert¹

1997

Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp.

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“…Because of this complexity it seems unrealistic to expect naive subjects to show agreement in their subjective labeling of this state based on induced physiological changes. Indicative of this are reports of alcohol's increasing self-reported anxiety (Dengerink & Pagan, 1978;McNamee, Mello, & Mendelson, 1968;Mendelson, LaDou, & Solomon, 1964;Steffen, Nathan, & Taylor, 1974) and contradictory reports of alcohol's decreasing self-reported anxiety (Polivy, Schueneman, & Carlson, 1976;Warren & Raynes, 1972;Williams, 1966). On the basis of these results, attempts to view effects of alcohol on resting psychological and physiological levels in simple, or unidimensional, terms seem ill advised.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and stress response dampening: Pharmacological effects, expectancy, and tension reduction.

Levenson¹,

Sher²,

Grossman³

et al. 1980

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

228

213

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Alcohol consumption and alcohol expectation were separately evaluated in terms of effects on psychophysiological levels prior to stress and reduction of the magnitude of response to stress. Ninety-six male, experienced drinkers were assigned to eight conditions in a between-subjects design in which beverage consumed (alcohol or tonic), beverage expected (alcohol or tonic), and stressor (self-disclosing speech or threat of shock) were manipulated. Dosage for subjects receiving alcohol was 1 g ethanol/kg body weight. Results indicated strong effects of alcohol consumption on prestress levels, consisting of accelerated heart rate (HR), lower HR variability, higher skin conductance, longer pulse transmission time (PTT), higher "cheerfulness" and lower "anxiety" (ANX). This pattern of effects is related to previous unsuccessful attempts to specify a simple relationship between alcohol consumption and "tension." In addition, alcohol consumption significantly reduced the magnitude of the HR, PTT, and ANX responses of subjects to the stressors. No effects attributable to alcohol expectation were found. These results are integrated with the existing literature concerned with pharmacological and cognitive effects of alcohol as they pertain to stress, psychophysiological responses to stress, and "tension reduction." Re 8 q e u n e e s r t°s S1 for reprints should be sent to Robert W. SnOWn tO indude heart rate < HR) aCCelera-Levenson,

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“…This confusion resulted in the subject turning to the situation-stimulus tone, externality-for definition of his condition. Cognitive labeling as an explanation for the effects of alcohol is certainly not original and has been proposed by, among others, Dengerink and Pagan (1978), Marlatt and Rohsenow (1980), Pliner and Cap-pell (1974), Polivy and Herman (1976), and Wilson and Lawson (1976). Recent criticism of this explanation has been offered by Vuchinich, Tucker, and Sobell (1979) who argue that the type of design used in the studies mentioned above and the present study is not appropriate to a cognitive labeling interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attribution and alcohol-mediated aggression.

Pihl¹,

Amos²,

Ray³

et al. 1981

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Forty-eight male subjects participated in an aggression task after having received either alcoholic or placebo beverages and after being told that they had received either a high dose or low dose of alcohol. All subjects in the alcohol group actually received the same dose. Measures of aggression were the intensity and duration of shock given to a bogus partner in a reaction time-pain perception task and a score on a posttask attitude questionnaire. Blood alcohol readings were taken three times during the session, and a locus of control scale was administered before and after drinking. For subjects in the alcohol conditions, blood alcohol levels averaged .079% before the task and .085% upon completion of the task. Alcohol resulted in higher aggression scores only on the questionnaire measure, and an interaction between drug and attribution was found for the measure of shock duration. Attribution alone resulted in greater aggression on the measure of shock intensity. Subjects in groups where the attribution was discrepant with the drug condition were the most aggressive on the measures of both shock intensity and duration. These subjects became more external, reflecting a high correlation between their aggression and a stimulus tone. The results of this study suggest that a person's increased aggressiveness when intoxicated results from an interaction situation between alcohol and an alteration in responsivity to provoking stimuli.

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Effect of alcohol on emotional responses to stress.

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

The Situation � Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) Model of Drug Use, Effects, and Craving

The Situation � Trait Adaptive Response (STAR) Model of Drug Use, Effects, and Craving

Alcohol and stress response dampening: Pharmacological effects, expectancy, and tension reduction.

Attribution and alcohol-mediated aggression.

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