Effect of aging on regional cerebral blood flow responses associated with osmotic thirst and its satiation by water drinking: A PET study

Farrell, Michael J.; Zamarripa, Frank; Shade, Robert E.; Phillips, Paddy A.; Fox, Peter T.; Blair‐West, J. R.; Denton, Derek A.; Egan, Gary F.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0710572105

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another possibility is that old rats drink less than young rats because they satiate more quickly. It has been shown recently that in response to osmotic loading old human subjects report equivalent thirst, but drink only half as much water, as young subjects (11). This may mean that the satiation of thirst, and not the emergence of thirst, is different in older human subjects (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypotension- and osmotically induced thirst in old Brown Norway rats

Thunhorst¹,

Beltz²,

Johnson³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Thunhorst RL, Beltz TG, Johnson AK. Hypotension-and osmotically induced thirst in old Brown Norway rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R149 -R157, 2009. First published May 6, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00118.2009.-Compared to young cohorts, old rats drink less water in response to several thirst-inducing stimuli. In these experiments, we characterized water drinking in response to hypotension and cellular dehydration in young (4 mo), middle-aged adult (12 mo) and old (29 -30 mo) male Brown Norway rats. We injected the vasodilator, minoxidil as an intravenous bolus in a range of doses (0 -20 mg/kg), so that drinking responses could be compared at equivalent reductions of arterial pressure. Old rats had greatly diminished reflex tachycardia and became significantly more hypotensive after minoxidil compared with young and middle-aged rats. When compared at equivalent reductions of arterial pressure, old rats drank one-third as much as middle-aged rats, and one-fifth as much as young rats. In addition, there were age-related deficits in drinking in response to a range of administered loads of sodium (0.15-2 M NaCl, 2 ml/100 g body wt). Urinary excretion of water and sodium in response to the loads was equivalent across ages. Both middle-aged and old rats were less able than young rats to repair their water deficits after sodium loading, attributable almost entirely to their reduced drinking responses compared with young rats. Lastly, agerelated declines in drinking appeared to be more severe in response to hypotension than in response to cellular dehydration. aging; drinking; diuresis; natriuresis; dehydration; blood pressure; heart rate ELDERLY PEOPLE AND OLD ANIMALS have impaired drinking responses to many thirst-inducing challenges (21, 23, 25, 28, 29, 33-35, 40, 41). However, the nature of the underlying causes of reduced drinking that accompanies old age, such as impaired neural or humoral signaling mechanisms, remain largely undetermined. Knowledge of the causes of age-related declines in drinking will increase our understanding of the ways to help the elderly maintain better fluid homeostasis. This is an important consideration for an increasingly aging population and for the relationship between hydrational status and disorders, such as heat-related injury.Hypotension is a potent stimulus of thirst in rats (e.g., 10,17,18,26,30,38). Thirst following hypotension is due mainly to release of renin and formation of ANG II in the circulation (26, 38; for a review, see Ref. 20) and is blocked by interfering with the actions of, or formation of, ANG II (10,26,33,38). There are conflicting reports about whether old rats drink less in response to hypotension. For example, old rats have been found to drink less after subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol compared with young rats (24, 34, 37), although not always (25,34). These previous studies did not record arterial pressure or control for differences in arterial pressure that may occur with aging (24,25,34,37). This information is important becau...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypotension- and osmotically induced thirst in old Brown Norway rats

Thunhorst¹,

Beltz²,

Johnson³

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…There are only a handful of studies that have examined these processes to date (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41), and most are PET studies that can more easily compare different enduring states than functional MRI (fMRI). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Arbitrary Vs Survival Goal Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is selective for pain: Results from large-scale reverse inference

Lieberman

Eisenberger

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

153

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Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation is commonly observed in studies of pain, executive control, conflict monitoring, and salience processing, making it difficult to interpret the dACC's specific psychological function. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database [of over 10,000 functional MRI (fMRI) studies], we performed quantitative reverse inference analyses to explore the best general psychological account of the dACC function P(Ψ processjdACC activity). Results clearly indicated that the best psychological description of dACC function was related to pain processing-not executive, conflict, or salience processing. We conclude by considering that physical pain may be an instance of a broader class of survival-relevant goals monitored by the dACC, in contrast to more arbitrary temporary goals, which may be monitored by the supplementary motor area.dACC | pain | reverse inference | Neurosynth

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“…27 Also, younger age was associated with persistent thirst, which is consistent with studies showing diminished thirst in aging. [57][58][59] There was no relationship between the HF selfcare behaviour and thirst. This is probably due to the fact that HF self-care behavior includes several different behaviours, in addition to fluid restriction, which are not related to thirst.…”

Section: 75mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…3,28,55 In elderly persons, thirst can be impaired due to attenuated sensitivity of receptors responding to changes in blood volume or reduced cerebral blood flow. [57][58][59] Dehydration and hypovolemia can have an influence on the salivary flow in the mouth and be associated with dry mouth (Figure 1, page 13). 3,50,52 An increase of the body fluids stretches the walls of the heart and release natriuretic peptides, such as the N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).…”

Section: Increased Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,48 The strength of the intensity is perceived depends on cerebral blood flow and the sensitivity of receptors responding to changes in central blood volume. 59 Different intensity levels can also be due to individual perceptions of thirst intensity. 11,117 Previous research shows that the perception of symptoms can be influenced by the personality, cognitive capacity, culture, and impaired symptom recognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thirst in Patients with Heart Failure : Description of thirst dimensions and associated factors with thirst

Waldréus

2016

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Introduction: Nurses and other health care professionals meet patients with heart failure (HF) who report they are thirsty. Thirst is described by the patients as a concern, and it is distressing. Currently there are no standardized procedures to identify patients with increased thirst or to help a patient to manage troublesome thirst and research in the area of thirst is scarce. In order to prevent and relieve troublesome thirst more knowledge is needed on how thirst is experienced and what factors cause increased thirst. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to describe the thirst experience of patients with HF and describe the relationship of thirst with physiologic, psychologic and situational factors. The goal was to contribute to the improvement of the care by identifying needs and possible approaches to prevent and relieve thirst in patients with HF. Methods: The studies in this thesis used a cross-sectional design (Study I) and prospective observational designs (II-IV). Studies include data from patients with HF who were admitted to the emergency department for deterioration in HF (I, IV) or visited an outpatient HF clinic for worsening of HF symptoms (III); others were patients who were following up after HF hospitalization (II), and patients with no HF diagnosis who sought care at the emergency department for other illness (I). Patients completed questionnaires on thirst intensity, thirst distress, HF self-care behaviour, feeling depressive and feeling anxious. Data on sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, pharmacological treatment and prescribed fluid restriction were retrieved from hospital medical records and by asking the patients. Data were also collected from blood, urine and saliva samples to measure biological markers of dehydration, HF severity and stress. Results: Thirst was prevalent in 1 out of 5 patients (II) and 63% of patients with worsening of HF symptoms experienced moderate to severe thirst distress at hospital admission (IV). Patients at an outpatient HF clinic who reported thirst at the first visit were more often thirsty at the follow-up visits compared to patients who did not report thirst at the first visit (II). Thirst intensity was significantly higher in patients hospitalized with decompensated HF compared to patients with no HF (median 75 vs. 25 mm, visual analogue scale [VAS] 0-100 mm; P < 0.001) (I). During optimization of pharmacological treatment of HF, thirst intensity increased in 67% of the patients. Thirst intensity increased significantly more in patients in the high thirst intensity group compared to patients in the low thirst intensity group (median +18 mm vs. -3 mm; P < 0.001) (III). Patients who were admitted to the hospital with high thirst distress continued to have high thirst distress over time (IV). A large number of patients were bothered by thirst and feeling dry in the mouth when they were thirsty (III, IV). Patients with a fluid restriction had high thirst distress over time and patients who were feeling depressed had high thirst intensity over time...

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Effect of aging on regional cerebral blood flow responses associated with osmotic thirst and its satiation by water drinking: A PET study

Cited by 78 publications

References 32 publications

Hypotension- and osmotically induced thirst in old Brown Norway rats

Hypotension- and osmotically induced thirst in old Brown Norway rats

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is selective for pain: Results from large-scale reverse inference

Thirst in Patients with Heart Failure : Description of thirst dimensions and associated factors with thirst

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