Effect of Aging on Homeostasis in the Soft Tissue of the Periodontium: A Narrative Review

Kim, Yu Gyung; Lee, Sang Min; Bae, Sungeun; Park, Taejun; Kim, Hyeonjin; Jang, Yujeong; Moon, Keonwoo; Kim, Hyung-Min; Lee, Kwang-Min; Park, Joonyoung; Byun, Jin‐Seok; Kim, Do-Yeon

doi:10.3390/jpm11010058

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Consequently, GMSCs exhibit higher levels of growth factor receptors that assist in enhanced cellular proliferation and maintenance of tissue homeostasis ( 46 , 49 ). An associated enhancement in the expression of PDGFR, FGFR, and EGFR in our experiments supported the above reports about sustenance of gingival health under the conditions of frequent microbial insults and increasing inflammatory environment with age ( 49 – 52 ). Nevertheless, we observed higher senescent population and increase in PDT of GMSCs derived from elderly donors, which signify impairment in stemness due to extensive in vitro passaging, although the rate of in vitro senescence in old GMSCs is slower as compared to their young counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age

et al. 2022

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Aging has been reported to deteriorate the quantity and quality of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which affect their therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. A dearth of age-related stem cell research further restricts their clinical applications. The present study explores the possibility of using MSCs derived from human gingival tissues (GMSCs) for studying their ex vivo growth characteristics and differentiation potential with respect to donor age. GMSCs displayed decreased in vitro adipogenesis and in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis with age, but in vitro neurogenesis remained unaffected. An increased expression of p53 and SIRT1 with donor age was correlated to their ability of eliminating tumorigenic events through apoptosis or autophagy, respectively. Irrespective of donor age, GMSCs displayed effective immunoregulation and regenerative potential in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Thus, we suggest the potential of GMSCs for designing cell-based immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches and their further extrapolation for acute inflammatory conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age

et al. 2022

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“…Aging reduces gingival fibroblast proliferation and migration, fiber density, organic matrix production, and cellular mitotic activity in the periodontal ligament. Meanwhile, aging increases mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-8, which promote extracellular matrix degradation ( 189 ).…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging may affect periodontal tissues by altering the host response. There is reduced effectiveness of the adaptive immune response with aging ( 189 ). Aged mice have reduced recruitment of dendritic cells in response to bacterial challenge, which may be due to reduced DC migration caused by high glucose levels or high levels of advanced glycation end products ( 190 ).…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease

Zhou

Graves²

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Periodontitis involves the loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Single cell RNA-seq experiments have provided new insight into how resident cells and infiltrating immune cells function in response to bacterial challenge in periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is induced by a combined innate and adaptive immune response to bacterial dysbiosis that is initiated by resident cells including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which recruit immune cells. Chemokines and cytokines stimulate recruitment of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis in response to TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL and other factors. Inflammation also suppresses coupled bone formation to limit repair of osteolytic lesions. Bone lining cells, osteocytes and periodontal ligament cells play a key role in both processes. The periodontal ligament contains cells that exhibit similarities to tendon cells, osteoblast-lineage cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Bone lining cells consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts are influenced by osteocytes and stimulate formation of osteoclast precursors through MCSF and RANKL, which directly induce osteoclastogenesis. Following bone resorption, factors are released from resorbed bone matrix and by osteoclasts and osteal macrophages that recruit osteoblast precursors to the resorbed bone surface. Osteoblast differentiation and coupled bone formation are regulated by multiple signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, FGF, IGF-1, BMP, and Hedgehog pathways. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and aging enhance the pathologic processes to increase bone resorption and inhibit coupled bone formation to accelerate bone loss. Other bone pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-menopausal osteoporosis and bone unloading/disuse also affect osteoblast lineage cells and participate in formation of osteolytic lesions by promoting bone resorption and inhibiting coupled bone formation. Thus, periodontitis involves the activation of an inflammatory response that involves a large number of cells to stimulate bone resorption and limit osseous repair processes.

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“…Many studies have shown various materials such as fibrin-/silk- [ 15 ], polysaccharide- [ 16 ], and collagen-based adhesives [ 17 ], which can be used as soft hydrogels for hemostasis. Collagen is one of the essential extracellular matrices in gingival tissues [ 18 ]. As such, collagen-based soft hydrogels have been an option for use in oral/dental hemostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Injectable Hybrid Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)/Phenyl Isothiocyanate-Modified Gelatin (Gel-Phe) Bioadhesive for Oral/Dental Hemostasis Applications

et al. 2021

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Biomaterials are widely used for effectively controlling bleeding in oral/dental surgical procedures. Here, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was synthesized by grafting methacrylic anhydride on gelatin backbone, and phenyl isothiocyanate-modified gelatin (Gel-Phe) was synthesized by conjugating different gelatin/phenyl isothiocyanate molar ratios (G/P ratios) (i.e., 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:25, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:150) with gelatin polymer chains. Afterward, we combined GelMA and Gel-Phe as an injectable and photo-crosslinkable bioadhesive. This hybrid material system combines photo-crosslinking chemistry and supramolecular interactions for the design of bioadhesives exhibiting a highly porous structure, injectability, and regulable mechanical properties. By simply regulating the G/P ratio (1:1–1:15) and UV exposure times (15–60 s), it was possible to modulate the injectability and mechanical properties of the GelMA/Gel-Phe bioadhesive. Moreover, we demonstrated that the GelMA/Gel-Phe bioadhesive showed low cytotoxicity, a highly porous network, and the phenyl-isothiourea and amine residues on Gel-Phe and GelMA polymers with synergized hemostatic properties towards fast blood absorption and rapid clotting effect. An in vitro porcine skin bleeding and an in vitro dental bleeding model confirmed that the bioadhesive could be directly extruded into the bleeding site, rapidly photo-crosslinked, and reduced blood clotting time by 45%. Moreover, the in situ crosslinked bioadhesive could be easily removed from the bleeding site after clotting, avoiding secondary wound injury. Overall, this injectable GelMA/Gel-Phe bioadhesive stands as a promising hemostatic material in oral/dental surgical procedures.

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Effect of Aging on Homeostasis in the Soft Tissue of the Periodontium: A Narrative Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 135 publications

Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age

Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age

Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease

An Injectable Hybrid Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)/Phenyl Isothiocyanate-Modified Gelatin (Gel-Phe) Bioadhesive for Oral/Dental Hemostasis Applications

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