“…At higher percentages (over 50 %), more complete methods such as the FEM should be used, due to the loss of precision of the traditional methods. Tanaka et al (2002) and Zhou et al (2011) concluded that the performance of SCC columns with RCA and different kinds of reinforcements was similar to that of RCA vibrated concrete columns (Khan et al, 2019), because of the predominantly similar levels of compressive strength in both.…”