Effect of ageing on microstructure and fracture behavior of cortical bone as determined by experiment and Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)

Yadav, Ram Naresh; Uniyal, Piyush; Sihota, Praveer; Kumar, Sachin; Dhiman, Vandana; Goni, Vijay; Sahni, Daisy; Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar; Kumar, Navin

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.021

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The innovative method showed very realistic crack paths when compared to the experimental counterparts [97]. Similarly, Yadav et al [98], based on microtomography data of the cortical bone, showed that crack behavior varies on the bone age. The authors applied nanoindentation measurements to extract the properties of the osteon, cement line, and interstitial matrix.…”

Section: Xfem and Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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XFEM for Composites, Biological, and Bioinspired Materials: A Review

Vellwock,

Libonati

2024

Materials

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The eXtended finite element method (XFEM) is a powerful tool for structural mechanics, assisting engineers and designers in understanding how a material architecture responds to stresses and consequently assisting the creation of mechanically improved structures. The XFEM method has unraveled the extraordinary relationships between material topology and fracture behavior in biological and engineered materials, enhancing peculiar fracture toughening mechanisms, such as crack deflection and arrest. Despite its extensive use, a detailed revision of case studies involving XFEM with a focus on the applications rather than the method of numerical modeling is in great need. In this review, XFEM is introduced and briefly compared to other computational fracture models such as the contour integral method, virtual crack closing technique, cohesive zone model, and phase-field model, highlighting the pros and cons of the methods (e.g., numerical convergence, commercial software implementation, pre-set of crack parameters, and calculation speed). The use of XFEM in material design is demonstrated and discussed, focusing on presenting the current research on composites and biological and bioinspired materials, but also briefly introducing its application to other fields. This review concludes with a discussion of the XFEM drawbacks and provides an overview of the future perspectives of this method in applied material science research, such as the merging of XFEM and artificial intelligence techniques.

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Section: Xfem and Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…(C) Younger bone can deflect the crack, while (D) cannot. Reproduced with permission from [98]; copyright Elsevier.…”

Section: Xfem and Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

XFEM for Composites, Biological, and Bioinspired Materials: A Review

Vellwock,

Libonati

2024

Materials

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“…The each stage was for 10 Sec. The resultant loaddisplacement curve were used to calculate the reduced modulus (Er) and hardness (H) by the method of Oliver and Pharr (29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Nanoindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal and non-hormonal oral contraceptives given long-term to pubertal rats differently affect bone mass, quality and metabolism

Porwal,

Sharma,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionWe investigated the effects of hormonal and non-hormonal oral contraceptives (OCs) on bone mass, mineralization, composition, mechanical properties, and metabolites in pubertal female SD rats.MethodsOCs were given for 3-, and 7 months at human equivalent doses. The combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) was ethinyl estradiol and progestin, whereas the non-hormonal contraceptive (NHC) was ormeloxifene. MicroCT was used to assess bone microarchitecture and BMD. Bone formation and mineralization were assessed by static and dynamic histomorphometry. The 3-point bending test, nanoindentation, FTIR, and cyclic reference point indentation (cRPI) measured the changes in bone strength and material composition. Bone and serum metabolomes were studied to identify potential biomarkers of drug efficacy and safety and gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of action of the OCs.ResultsNHC increased bone mass in the femur metaphysis after 3 months, but the gain was lost after 7 months. After 7 months, both OCs decreased bone mass and deteriorated trabecular microarchitecture in the femur metaphysis and lumbar spine. Also, both OCs decreased the mineral: matrix ratio and increased the unmineralized matrix after 7 months. After 3 months, the OCs increased carbonate: phosphate and carbonate: amide I ratios, indicating a disordered hydroxyapatite crystal structure susceptible to resorption, but these changes mostly reversed after 7 months, indicating that the early changes contributed to demineralization at the later time. In the femur 3-point bending test, CHC reduced energy storage, resilience, and ultimate stress, indicating increased susceptibility to micro-damage and fracture, while NHC only decreased energy storage. In the cyclic loading test, both OCs decreased creep indentation distance, but CHC increased the average unloading slope, implying decreased microdamage risk and improved deformation resistance by the OCs. Thus, reduced bone mineralization by the OCs appears to affect bone mechanical properties under static loading, but not its cyclic loading ability. When compared to an age-matched control, after 7 months, CHC affected 24 metabolic pathways in bone and 9 in serum, whereas NHC altered 17 in bone and none in serum. 6 metabolites were common between the serum and bone of CHC rats, suggesting their potential as biomarkers of bone health in women taking CHC.ConclusionBoth OCs have adverse effects on various skeletal parameters, with CHC having a greater negative impact on bone strength.

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“…The cortical bone fracture can also be simulated using the continuum damage mechanics theory and the extended finite element method. Both methods can simulate the complete failure process in the cortical bone structure by defining the crack initiation, softening model, and element failure, and can simulate both brittle and ductile fractures by setting different softening models ( Ng et al, 2017 ; Soni et al, 2021 ; Yadav et al, 2021 ; Kumar et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical evaluation of different strain judging criteria on the prediction precision of cortical bone fracture simulation under compression

Fan

Liu

Jia

2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: The principal strain or equivalent strain is mainly used in current numerical studies to determine the mechanical state of the element in the cortical bone finite element model and then perform fracture simulation. However, it is unclear which strain is more suitable for judging the element mechanical state under different loading conditions due to the lack of a general strain judging criterion for simulating the cortical bone fracture.Methods: This study aims to explore a suitable strain judging criterion to perform compressive fracture simulation on the rat femoral cortical bone based on continuum damage mechanics. The mechanical state of the element in the cortical bone finite element model was primarily assessed using the principal strain and equivalent strain separately to carry out fracture simulation. The prediction accuracy was then evaluated by comparing the simulated findings with different strain judging criteria to the corresponding experimental data.Results: The results showed that the fracture parameters predicted using the principal strain were closer to the experimental values than those predicted using the equivalent strain.Discussion: Therefore, the fracture simulation under compression was more accurate when the principal strain was applied to control the damage and failure state in the element. This finding has the potential to improve prediction accuracy in the cortical bone fracture simulation.

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Effect of ageing on microstructure and fracture behavior of cortical bone as determined by experiment and Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

XFEM for Composites, Biological, and Bioinspired Materials: A Review

XFEM for Composites, Biological, and Bioinspired Materials: A Review

Hormonal and non-hormonal oral contraceptives given long-term to pubertal rats differently affect bone mass, quality and metabolism

Biomechanical evaluation of different strain judging criteria on the prediction precision of cortical bone fracture simulation under compression

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