Effect of Ageing of Pipe and Lining Materials on Elemental Composition of Suspended Particles in a Water Distribution System

Fujita, Masafumi; Ishiwatari, Yoshiyuki; Mishima, Iori; Utsuno, Norihiko; Kato, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/s11269-014-0571-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Premise plumbing is characterized by high surface-area-to-volume ratios, long retention times, and warm temperatures and is recognized as an important reservoir and source of exposure (e.g., aerosol inhalation during showering, direct skin contact) of opportunistic pathogens. , Premise plumbing receives water from the main distribution system with varying physiochemical and biological characteristics, which can be ascribed to different distribution system properties, such as treatment and disinfection processes, , pipe materials and integrity, − and water age. , Occurrence and proliferation of opportunistic pathogens have been linked to some physiochemical parameters such as disinfectant type and concentrations, trace metals, , assimilable organic carbon, and temperature . However, a controlled demonstration of how drinking water from upstream mains affects downstream opportunistic pathogen regrowth in premise plumbing is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution System Water Quality Affects Responses of Opportunistic Pathogen Gene Markers in Household Water Heaters

Wang

Masters

Falkinham

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Illustrative distribution system operation and management practices shaped the occurrence and persistence of Legionella spp., nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two amoebae host (Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba vermiformis) gene markers in the effluent of standardized simulated household water heaters (SWHs). The interplay between disinfectant type (chlorine or chloramine), water age (2.3-5.7 days) and materials (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cement or iron) in upstream simulated distribution systems (SDSs) profoundly influenced levels of pathogen gene markers in corresponding SWH bulk waters. For example, Legionella spp. were 3-4 log higher in SWHs receiving water from chloraminated vs chlorinated SDSs, because of disinfectant decay from nitrification. By contrast, SWHs fed with chlorinated PVC SDS water not only harbored the lowest levels of all pathogen markers, but effluent from the chlorinated SWHs were even lower than influent levels in several instances (e.g., 2 log less Legionella spp. and NTM for PVC and 3-5 log less P. aeruginosa for cement). However, pathogen gene marker influent levels correlated positively to effluent levels in the SWHs (P < 0.05). Likewise, microbial community structures were similar between SWHs and the corresponding SDS feed waters. This study highlights the importance and challenges of distribution system management/operation to help control opportunistic pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution System Water Quality Affects Responses of Opportunistic Pathogen Gene Markers in Household Water Heaters

Wang

Masters

Falkinham

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, with stainless steel and HDPE being largely chemically inert, the deposition of iron and manganese may have been triggered upon an initial colonisation of bacteria on these two plumbing materials. The lack of correlation with concrete on the other hand is a result of the inherent ability of concrete to facilitate chemical deposition of iron and manganese [46, 47]. In this instance, chemical deposition has far exceeded biologically mediated deposition of iron and manganese on concrete.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Devices to Monitor Biofouling and Metals Deposition on Plumbing Materials Exposed to a Full-Scale Drinking Water Distribution System

et al. 2017

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A Modified Robbins Device (MRD) was installed in a full-scale water distribution system to investigate biofouling and metal depositions on concrete, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and stainless steel surfaces. Bulk water monitoring and a KIWA monitor (with glass media) were used to offline monitor biofilm development on pipe wall surfaces. Results indicated that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metal concentrations on coupons increased with time. However, bacterial diversities decreased. There was a positive correlation between increase of ATP and metal deposition on pipe surfaces of stainless steel and HDPE and no correlation was observed on concrete and glass surfaces. The shared bacterial diversity between bulk water and MRD was less than 20% and the diversity shared between the MRD and KIWA monitor was only 10%. The bacterial diversity on biofilm of plumbing material of MRD however, did not show a significant difference suggesting a lack of influence from plumbing material during early stage of biofilm development.

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“…If a finite volume of water spends more time within a pipe indicates low flow conditions that may increase the precipitation and uptake of iron in metal pipes due to corrosion (Mutoti et al, 2007), residence time also leads to a rapid reduction of disinfectant residuals that allow microbial pathogens to regrow (Abokifa et al 2016). The concentrations of particulate elements, between upstream and downstream of the pipe should increase, an analysis of the composition of suspended particles may detect aging pipes (Fujita et al 2014). The diameters that do not exceed 100 mm tend to present several stresses on the network, it is noted that more than 4.8 km of length is made of cast iron 2/3 of this length undergoes speeds lower than 0.5m/s it is due to the number of branches (dead-ends) on this part of the network, concerning the pressure, Fig.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Emergency Level Of The Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Decision Support Systems For The Optimization of The Management of Water Distribution Networks

Berrezel

Abdelbaki

Rouissat

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The analysis of the current situation of water distribution networks is based on all the alternatives that are technically feasible and implemented from the decision-maker's point of view. Taking the water distribution network of Tourville city as a case study, this paper combines a set of Decision Support Systems (DSS) including the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), multi-criteria analysis and hydraulic simulation models to establish a multi-criteria decision-making aid method for renovation and rehabilitation of water distribution networks. This combination creates an expert management system based on multi-criteria decision making that strengthens the optimization of the management of water distribution networks in terms of renovation and rehabilitation. After dividing the water distribution network into three emergency levels, it was concluded that 26% of the network is in urgent need of rehabilitation.

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Effect of Ageing of Pipe and Lining Materials on Elemental Composition of Suspended Particles in a Water Distribution System

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Distribution System Water Quality Affects Responses of Opportunistic Pathogen Gene Markers in Household Water Heaters

Distribution System Water Quality Affects Responses of Opportunistic Pathogen Gene Markers in Household Water Heaters

Effectiveness of Devices to Monitor Biofouling and Metals Deposition on Plumbing Materials Exposed to a Full-Scale Drinking Water Distribution System

Coupling Decision Support Systems For The Optimization of The Management of Water Distribution Networks

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