Effect of Age on Antioxidants and Molecular Markers of Oxidative Damage in Murine Epidermis and Dermis

López-Torres, Mónica; Shindo, Yasuko; Packer, Lester

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12373032

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…dant defense tend to be less dramatic and more highly species-and tissue-specific than developmental changes. Lopez-Torrez et al (1994) have shown that in skin from hairless :mice the activity of catalase was similar in young and old mice while there was increased activity of GPx. Shindo et al (1991), who also used a human skin fibroblast model, found a slight increase in GPx activity with age of donor but observed a significant loss of ca.talase activity.…”

Section: Glutathione Reductase (Gr)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Expression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in human skin fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages

et al. 1996

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We have examined the activities and mRNA abundance of two hydrogen peroxide metabolizing enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase), glutathione concentration, and the activities of several enzymes that influence glutathione concentration, including glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in 29 skin fibroblast lines derived from donors ranging in age from 14 gestational weeks to 94 years of age. H2O2 metabolizing enzyme activities and mRNA abundances were greater in skin fibroblast cultures established from postnatal donors than in fetally derived cultures. There were no significant differences in either of these parameters in cell lines established from postnatal donors of different ages. Total glutathione concentration decreased with age, but GR activity appeared to be unaffected by age. In order to estimate the ability of the cultures to produce NADPH (an important component of cellular redox status and a cofactor for GR), we determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and mRNA abundance. We were unable to directly measure gamma-GCS activity or mRNA abundance in any of the skin lines or in fetal lung fibroblast; however, we were able to indirectly demonstrate the presence of this enzyme by stimulating fetal lung fibroblasts with H2O2 following treatment with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of gamma-GCS activity. These results show that some, but not all, age-associated differences in antioxidant defense levels are maintained in a culture environment and are consistent with the hypothesis that developmental stages of life are associated with lower antioxidant defense levels than are present in postnatal phases of life.

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Section: Glutathione Reductase (Gr)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Expression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in human skin fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages

et al. 1996

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“…It is also the general consensus of many single protein studies and functional characterizations that focus directly on keratinocytes and attempt to link the aging skin phenotype to a decline of protective biological functions. In these studies cytokine related defects in skin pigmentation could be excluded (72), as well as altered DNArepair mechanisms upon UV-radiation (73), and altered antioxidative capacity (74). Tissue integrity (75), DNA-replication (73), proliferation (76), differentiation, and expression of related cytokines (77) were also shown to be unaffected by aging in keratinocytes.…”

Section: A431 Cells Exhibit Decrease In Stromal Communication Increamentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency of the Proteome in Primary Human Keratinocytes With Respect to Gender, Age, and Skin Localization

Sprenger

Weber

Zarai

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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Keratinocytes account for 95% of all cells of the epidermis, the stratified squamous epithelium forming the outer layer of the skin, in which a significant number of skin diseases takes root. Immortalized keratinocyte cell lines are often used as research model systems providing standardized, reproducible, and homogenous biological material. Apart from that, primary human keratinocytes are frequently used for medical studies because the skin provides an important route for drug administration and is readily accessible for biopsies. However, comparability of these cell systems is not known. Cell lines may undergo phenotypic shifts and may differ from the in vivo situation in important aspects. Primary cells, on the other hand, may vary in biological functions depending on gender and age of the donor and localization of the biopsy specimen. Here we employed metabolic labeling in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess A431 and HaCaT cell lines for their suitability as model systems. Compared with cell lines, comprehensive profiling of the primary human keratinocyte proteome with respect to gender, age, and skin localization identified an unexpected high proteomic consistency. The data were analyzed by an improved ontology enrichment analysis workflow designed for the study of global proteomics experiments. It enables a quick, comprehensive and unbiased overview of altered biological phenomena and links experimental data to literature. We guide through our workflow, point out its advantages compared with other methods and apply it to visualize differences of cell lines compared with primary human keratinocytes. Molecular &

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“…For example, the activity of enzymes which indirectly produce oxygen metabolites can be altered (xanthine oxidase modulation). There is a repair system consisting of enzymes and small molecules [81,82,83,84], antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase and low molecular weight antioxidants, such as tocopherols, ascorbic acid, NADH and carnosine, which can donate an electron and then scavenge ROS [9]. However, it has been shown that all ROS levels rise and antioxidant activity declines with advancing age [9, 85].…”

Section: The Free Radical Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Pathomechanisms of Endogenously Aged Skin

2007

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The skin, being in direct contact with several environmental factors (e.g. UV irradiation), does not only undergo endogenous aging, which has to do with the ‘biological clock’ of the skin cells per se, but also exogenous aging. While exogenous skin aging has been extensively studied, the pathomechanisms of endogenous skin aging remain far less clear. Endogenous skin aging reflects reduction processes, which are common in internal organs. These processes include cellular senescence and decreased proliferative capacity, decrease in cellular DNA repair capacity and chromosomal abnormalities, loss of telomeres, point mutations of extranuclear mtDNA, oxidative stress and gene mutations. As a consequence, aged skin in nonexposed areas shows typical characteristics including fine wrinkles, dryness, sallowness and loss of elasticity. Recent data have illustrated that lack of hormones occurring with age may also contribute to the aging phenotype. Improvement of epidermal skin moisture, elasticity and skin thickness, enhanced production of surface lipids, reduction of wrinkle depth, restoration of collagen fibers and increase of the collagen III/I ratio have been reported after hormone replacement therapy or local estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, an in vitro model of endogenous skin aging consisting of human SZ95 sebocytes which were incubated under a hormone-substituted environment illustrated that hormones at age- and sex-specific levels were able to alter the development of cells by regulating their transcriptome. In conclusion, among other factors the hormone environment plays a distinct role in the generation of aged skin.

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Effect of Age on Antioxidants and Molecular Markers of Oxidative Damage in Murine Epidermis and Dermis

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Expression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in human skin fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages

Expression of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in human skin fibroblasts derived from donors of different ages

Consistency of the Proteome in Primary Human Keratinocytes With Respect to Gender, Age, and Skin Localization

Characteristics and Pathomechanisms of Endogenously Aged Skin

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