Effect of age and severity of cognitive dysfunction on two simple tasks in pet dogs

González‐Martínez, Ángela; Rosado, Belén; Pesini, Pedro; García-Belenguer, Sylvia; Palacio, Jorge; Villegas, Ainara; Suárez, Marta; Santamarina, G.; Sarasa, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.004

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Age-related impairment of cognitive performance has been well characterized in canines and shown to involve a number of cognitive domains including visual contrast sensitivity, spatial memory, learning, and working memory [15,16,[24][25][26]. Neuropathological correlates include reduced mitochondrial respiratory activity [27], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [28], and hippocampal neuron populations, due at least in part to decreased neurogenesis within the hilus region of the dentate gyrus [29,30], in addition to increased oxidative damage [31,32], and deposition in brain of Aβ-amyloid subunits [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in a canine model of senescence

Hadley¹,

Bauer²,

Milgram³

2017

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Whole cell Schizochytrium sp. is a rich source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important nutrient for brain health. Aged beagle dogs experienced on a visuospatial task of working memory, variable-delay delayed-non-matching-to-position were used to assess efficacy of DHA-rich microalgae based upon DHA wt% of total phospholipids and 8-iso-PGF concentrations in plasma, and performance on cognitive assessments of visual object discrimination, learning, and memory consolidation after 25 weeks on fortified diet. Improved DHA status (p<0.001) and initial learning of the protocols for visual and variable contrast discrimination (p<0.05), but not long-term recall of the concurrent discrimination task were observed in animals fed the algal-fortified diet. Overall, results were consistent with dried Schizochytrium sp. as a source of n-3 LCPUFA nutrition to support DHA status in large mammals, and healthy brain function in a canine model of senescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in a canine model of senescence

Hadley¹,

Bauer²,

Milgram³

2017

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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show abstract

“…When a battery of cognitive tests were administered to young (1-4 years), middle-aged (5-8 years), cognitively unimpaired aged ( ≥ 9 years), and cognitively impaired aged ( ≥ 9 years) dogs, the younger dogs ( < 9 years) were able to locate the food more quickly in a food-seeking task and with more success than the aged groups ( ≥ 9 years) [109]. In another study with pet dogs, there were no significant effects of age on the learning or retention tasks but older dogs ( ≥ 8 years) were significantly Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 7/25/15 8:54 AM impaired on the reversal learning task when compared with younger ones ( < 8 years).…”

Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

Panickar¹,

Jewell²

2015

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Aging in humans is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation (systemic), and this condition is sometimes referred to as "inflammaging". In general, canines also age similarly to humans, and such aging is associated with a decline in mobility, joint problems, weakened muscles and bones, reduced lean body mass, cancer, increased dermatological problems, decline in cognitive ability, reduced energy, decreased immune function, decreased renal function, and urinary incontinence. Each of these conditions is also associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. An inflammatory state characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory markers including but not restricted to tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is believed to contribute to or worsen a general decline in biological mechanisms responsible for physical function with aging. Nutritional management of inflammation in aging dogs is important in maintaining health. In particular, natural botanicals have bioactive components that appear to have robust anti-inflammatory effects and, when included in the diet, may contribute to a reduction in inflammation. While there are scientific data to support the anti-inflammatory effects and the efficacy of such bioactive molecules from botanicals, the clinical data are limited and more studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these ingredients. This review will summarize the role of dietary ingredients in reducing inflammatory molecules as well as review the evidence available to support the role of diet and nutrition in reducing chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in animal and human studies with a special reference to canines, where possible.

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“…If cognition tests cannot be performed in such a setting [93], a string of history questions can be discussed with the owner, as cognitive changes can occur early from chronic inflammation [94], as opposed to being a primary sequela of the disease. Some may feel overwhelmed by the intense training involved with cognition tests; however, studies have shown the possibility of performing cognition testing in a clinical setting may be helpful in assessing cognitive decline in pets with chronic medical conditions in order to provide appropriate interventions, including additional diagnostics, diet changes, or enrichment [94,95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Abilities of Dogs with Mucopolysaccharidosis I: Learning and Memory

Provoost

Siracusa

Stefanovski

et al. 2020

Animals

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Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) results from a deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). IDUA deficiency leads to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation resulting in cellular degeneration and multi-organ dysfunction. The primary aims of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility of cognitive testing MPS I affected dogs and to determine their non-social cognitive abilities with and without gene therapy. Fourteen dogs were tested: 5 MPS I untreated, 5 MPS I treated, and 4 clinically normal. The treated group received intrathecal gene therapy as neonates to replace the IDUA gene. Cognitive tests included delayed non-match to position (DNMP), two-object visual discrimination (VD), reversal learning (RL), attention oddity (AO), and two-scent discrimination (SD). Responses were recorded as correct, incorrect, or no response, and analyzed using mixed effect logistic regression analysis. Significant differences were not observed among the three groups for DNMP, VD, RL, or AO. The MPS I untreated dogs were excluded from AO testing due to failing to pass acquisition of the task, potentially representing a learning or executive function deficit. The MPS I affected group (treated and untreated) was significantly more likely to discriminate between scents than the normal group, which may be due to an age effect. The normal group was comprised of the oldest dogs, and a mixed effect logistic model indicated that older dogs were more likely to respond incorrectly on scent discrimination. Overall, this study found that cognition testing of MPS I affected dogs to be feasible. This work provides a framework to refine future cognition studies of dogs affected with diseases, including MPS I, in order to assess therapies in a more comprehensive manner.

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Effect of age and severity of cognitive dysfunction on two simple tasks in pet dogs

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in a canine model of senescence

The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in a canine model of senescence

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

Cognitive Abilities of Dogs with Mucopolysaccharidosis I: Learning and Memory

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