Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in chickens

Kadian, S. K.; Monga, D.; Goel, M. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00437921

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Among the various types of AF, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is an established hepatocarcinogen that causes liver lesions in both mammals and birds (Wogan, 1973). Several experimental studies have shown that AFB 1 is also immunotoxic in both avian and mammalian hosts (Giambrone et al, 1978;Kadian et al, 1988;Otim et al, 2005). The concept that feeding mycotoxincontaminated diets to dams adversely affects the immune system of developing embryos (Potchinsky and Bloom, 1993;Todd and Bloom, 1980) was strengthened by findings of Qureshi et al (1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

Khan

et al. 2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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This study was designed to evaluate the protective activity of Vitamin E (Vit E) on the immunotoxic effects induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the progeny of breeder hens. For this purpose, 192 White Leghorn (WL) layer breeder hens were divided into 12 groups (A-L) and then fed test diets for either 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Group A was kept on basal feed (2900 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy) and served as control, while group B was offered a feed supplemented with Vit E at 100 mg/Kg. Groups C-G were offered feed containing 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/Kg AFB1, respectively, whereas groups H-L were offered the same dietary levels of AFB1 along with 100 mg/Kg Vit E supplementation. Hatching eggs were shifted to an incubator on a weekly basis to get progeny chicks. Hatched chicks in each group were maintained on basal ration and then subjected to different immunological assays. Lymphoproliferative responses (against PHA-P), antibody titers (against SRBC), oxidative damage to RBC, as well as phagocytic and nitrite production potential of the peritoneal macrophages from the chicks, were all adversely impacted by hen exposure to the higher doses of AFB1 or by increased intake (time) by the hens at a given dose of the toxin. No consistent ameliorative effects from Vit E were noted in these studies, i.e. effects seen against lower AFB1 doses were no longer apparent with the highest doses of AFB1. As such, for now it can be concluded that, with this particular single dose level of Vit E, AFB1-associated immunotoxic effects in progeny chicks can potentially be mitigated by dietary intake of Vit E by their hen dams. However, this is clearly an outcome that is driven by the level of the mycotoxin present in the feed. Future studies need to examine what impact higher Vit E doses than those employed herein might have in these ameliorative outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

Khan

et al. 2013

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Although AFB 1 biotransformation in mammals is relatively well understood, studies in poultry are still needed (Savlík et al, 2007). Adverse health effects have been reported in turkeys (Quist et al, 2000;Klein et al, 2002;Rauber et al, 2007), quail (Oliveira et al, 2002), chickens (Kadian et al, 1988), and ducks (Barraud et al, 1999). However, large differences in the response of poultry species to AFB 1 have been noted (Leeson et al, 1995) and the biochemical basis for these differences has not been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in chickens and quail

2010

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A study was conducted to identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP, CYP450) enzyme orthologs involved in the bioactivation of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) into the highly toxic metabolite known as aflatoxin-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) in quail and chicken hepatic microsomes. The strategies used included the use of specific CYP450 inhibitors and the correlation of prototype substrate activities with AFBO production. Additionally, the presence of the enzymes was qualitatively determined using an immunoblotting technique. The results showed that both quail and chicken microsomes have CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP3A4 enzymatic activity. A strong relationship between CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 activities and AFB(1) bioactivation was found in both species. Inhibition studies provided more evidence for the role of CYP2A6 in the bioactivation of AFB(1). The immunoblot results showed clear bands for the CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 orthologs in both species. The results of the present study indicate that CYP2A6 and, to a lesser extent, CYP1A1 are responsible for the bioactivation of AFB(1) into AFBO in both quail and chicken hepatic microsomes.

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“…These results might be due to the reduction of lymphocyte production in lymphoid organs like spleen, thymus and bursa and bone marrow which cause immunosuppressive effect of T-2 toxin in chickens. Similarly, reduction in delayed type hypersensitivity reaction of chicks by aflatoxin [20] reported. A significant increase in skin thickness and moderate gross lesion were observed in birds fed with glucomannan and the toxin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Immunoprotective Effect of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and Glucomannan on T-2 Toxin-Induced Immunodepression in Poultry

Ramasamy

Varshneya

Katoch

2010

Veterinary Medicine International

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The present investigation was undertaken to study the immunoprotective effect of seabuckthorn berries and glucomannan against T-2 toxin-induced immunodepression in 15-day-old chicks. T-2 toxin was produced in the laboratory by growing Fusarium sporotrichioides MTCC 2081 on wheat. T-2 toxin was fed to birds at 1 ppm level of the diet. The powdered seabuckthorn berries were added at 400 and 800 ppm levels, and glucomannan added at 1 g/kg of feed. All the treatments were continued up to 28 days. The immunoprotective effects of seabuckthorn and glucomannan were assessed by evaluating humoral immune reaction against NCD vaccine (haemagglutination test and immunoglobulin estimation), serum immunoglobulin levels, phagocytic index, and DTH reaction against DNFB between day 25 and day 28 of experiment. There was significant (P < .05) decrease in non-specific immunity in T-2 toxin-treated group as evidenced by a reduction in phagocytic index, DTH reaction, HI titer, and total serum Ig compared to the healthy control group. A significant increase (P < .05) in HI titer and total serum Ig was seen in seabuckthorn and glucomannan fed group. A significant (P < .05) increase in DTH reaction and non-specific immune response was seen in seabuckthorn and glucomannan fed birds. The present investigation revealed that the seabuckthorn alone protected the immunosuppressant action of T-2 toxin, but seabuckthorn and glucomannan in combination provided an additive protection against T-2 toxicity.

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Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in chickens

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

Potential for amelioration of aflatoxin B1-induced immunotoxic effects in progeny of white leghorn breeder hens co-exposed to vitamin E

Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in chickens and quail

Immunoprotective Effect of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and Glucomannan on T-2 Toxin-Induced Immunodepression in Poultry

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