Effect of additives on flexible PVC foam formation

Demir, Hasan; Sipahioglu, Muzaffer; Balköse, Devri̇m; Ülkü, Semra

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.123

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Many examples of these materials are reported in different works: Kumar and Suh (1990) tested a polystyrene foam, Nadella et al (2005) examined PMMA, PS and ABS, , and Bureau and Kumar (2006) treated about polycarbonate foam, Kumar (1993) spoke about PVC, PC, PS and PET foams, generally spoke about PS, PC, ABS, PET, CPET and PVC foams, , Kumar et al (1992Kumar et al ( , 1998 and Demir et al (2008) dealt about microcellular PVC, Murray et al (2000), Beydokhti et al (2006), Nadella and Kumar (2007) and Nabhani and Bamford (2002) tested ABS foam. The processing parameters (pressure, time, temperature, etc.…”

Section: Structural Foams Are Defined In Different Waysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validity and applicability of these equations can be demonstrated on the basis of experimental values from the literature: Kumar et al (1998) and Demir et al (2008) bring data for microcellular PVC; Beydokhti et al (2006) report strength data for microcellular ABS composites; Nadella and Kumar (2007) report tensile and bending data for microcellular ABS; bring data for tensile strength and modulus for microcellular PC; Bureau and Kumar (2006) discuss and report on the fracture toughness of microcellular PC; Wing et al (1995) report creep data for microcellular PC; Pasricha et al (2005) also bring data on creep of microcellular PC but with different processing parameters; Armstrong and Kumar (2000) add results for dynamic compliance of microcellular PC; Barlow and Kumar (2001) report impact data for impact of microcellular PC; Kumar et al (2000) again report impact strength data but for microcellular PET while Nabhani and Bamford (2002) Knowledge of the dependence on density of the foam properties should be valuable information when designing lightweight components. However, seldom rigorous considerations are made about the convenience of using foam of a particular density rather than another.…”

Section: Properties-density Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties and impact behavior of a microcellular structural foam

Avalle

Scattina

2014

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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Structural foams are a relatively new class of materials with peculiar characteristics that make them very attractive in some energy absorption applications. They are currently used for packaging to protect goods from damage during transportation in the case of accidental impacts. Structural foams, in fact, have sufficient mechanical strength even with reduced weight: the balance between the two antagonist requirements demonstrates that these materials are profitable. Structural foams are generally made of microcellular materials, obtained by polymers where voids at the microscopic level are created. Although the processing technologies and some of the material properties, including mechanical, are well known, very little is established for what concerns dynamic impact properties, for the design of energy absorbing components made of microcellular foams. The paper reports a number of experimental results, in different loading conditions and loading speed, which will be a basis for the structural modeling.

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Section: Structural Foams Are Defined In Different Waysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties-density Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and impact behavior of a microcellular structural foam

Avalle

Scattina

2014

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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“…The isomorphic substitution of Si 4+ by Al 3+ causes a negative charge which is compensated by exchangeable cations such as Na . Due to its unique adsorption, cation exchange, catalytic, hydration and dehydration properties, clinoptilolite rich mineral specimen has been proposed for ammonium (Huang et al, 2010;Karapınar, 2009;Şenatalar and Sirkecioğlu, 1995;Ülkü, 1984) and heavy metal removal (Can et al, 2010;Motsi et al, 2009;Top and Ülkü, 2004), animal nutrition (Mumpton, 1999), gas adsorption (Armenta et al, 2003;Faghihian et al, 2008;Özkan and Ülkü, 2005), building and polymer industry (Atakul et al, 2005;Demir et al, 2008;Erdoğan et al, 2008;Savrık et al, 2010), as well as for biomedical applications (Pavelic et al, 2001(Pavelic et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium sorption by Gördes clinoptilolite rich mineral specimen

Erdoğan

Ülkü

2011

Applied Clay Science

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Experimental and theoretical works were performed for the estimation of the effects of pH, initial concentration, agitation speed, particle size and temperature on the ammonium sorption by local clinoptilolite rich mineral specimen. The kinetic sorption data were analyzed using external mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, pseudo first and second order kinetic models. Diffusion model results revealed that external film diffusion dominated at the very early stages of sorption process and then it was overcome by intraparticle diffusion. Pseudo-second order kinetic model correlated with the experimental data better than the pseudo first order kinetic model. Sorption isotherm model results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters Gibbs energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were calculated. It was shown that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The value of the activation energy suggested that ammonium sorption by the clinoptilolite rich mineral specimen is likely due to physical interactions between the sorbent and the sorbate. Analysis of the cation exchange results revealed that ion exchange mechanism was not the only step which was effective in ammonium sorption.

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“…The process of plastisol foaming has been widely studied [3–8] and is now relatively well understood. Foaming can be obtained by using a chemical foaming agent [8–12] able to decompose with a high gas yield in the optimal temperature range, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastisol foaming process. Decomposition of the foaming agent, polymer behavior in the corresponding temperature range and resulting foam properties

Verdú

Zoller

Marcilla

2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. The decomposition of azodicarbonamide, used as foaming agent in PVC-plasticizer (1/1) plastisols was studied by DSC. Nineteen different plasticizers, all belonging to the ester family, two being polymeric (polyadipates), were compared. The temperature of maximum decomposition rate (in anisothermal regime at 5 K min 21 scanning rate), ranges between 434 and 452 K. The heat of decomposition ranges between 8.7 and 12.5 J g 21 . Some trends of variation of these parameters appear significant and are discussed in terms of solvent (matrix) and viscosity effects on the decomposition reactions. The shear modulus at 1 Hz frequency was determined at the temperature of maximum rate of foaming agent decomposition, and differs significantly from a sample to another. The foam density was determined at ambient temperature and the volume fraction of bubbles was used as criterion to judge the efficiency of the foaming process. The results reveal the existence of an optimal shear modulus of the order of 2 kPa that corresponds roughly to plasticizer molar masses of the order of 450 6 50 g mol 21 . Heavier plasticizers, especially polymeric ones are too difficult to deform. Lighter plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) deform too easily and presumably facilitate bubble collapse.

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Effect of additives on flexible PVC foam formation

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Mechanical properties and impact behavior of a microcellular structural foam

Mechanical properties and impact behavior of a microcellular structural foam

Ammonium sorption by Gördes clinoptilolite rich mineral specimen

Plastisol foaming process. Decomposition of the foaming agent, polymer behavior in the corresponding temperature range and resulting foam properties

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