Effect of addition of microfibrillated cellulose to urea-formaldehyde on selected adhesive characteristics and distribution in particle board

Mahrdt, Eike; Pinkl, Stefan; Schmidberger, Clemens; Herwijnen, Hendrikus W. G. van; Veigel, Stefan; Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/s10570-015-0818-5

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Various biomaterials have been a subject to researchers in adhesive field; these include, starch [9] [29], and cellulosic materials [30]- [39]. Cellulosic materials are a wide class of polysaccharide of glucosidic linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Nanocellulose in Wood Adhesive: Review

Vineeth¹,

Gadhave²,

Gadekar³

2019

OJPChem

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Bio-based nanomaterial is more attractive, due to its abundance, eco-friendliness and sustainability, when compared to the non-renewable toxic petrochemicals used in the wood adhesive sector. Recent studies on the formaldehyde emission by petrochemical binders in wood adhesives have attracted scientists for the research in biomaterial-based binders. In this aspect nanocellulose (NC) is one such material which has reinforcing ability and has natural binding properties. Conventional wood adhesive uses petrochemical-based binders and additives. Inclusion of nanocellulose in wood adhesive could drastically reduce the dependency on non-renewable petroleum sources. Even though wood adhesive uses NC for improving mechanical properties of the adhesive, usage is restricted because of its inability to enhance tackiness and adhesion compared with petrochemicals. Availability of free hydroxyl groups and feasibility for modification can be a potential way for functionalization of this nanomaterial. To improve adhesion properties and to make nanocellulose act as a functional filler, the crosslinking approach can be a possible solution. Enhancement of thermal properties with improved thermal degradation, water barrier properties of crosslinked films and enhanced mechanical properties especially in crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix, which is one of the binders for wood adhesive discussed in this review paper proves the potential applicability of crosslinked NC. Hence by inclusion of NC in wood adhesive and crosslinking with the binder, both mechanical and performance properties are expected to enhance which will create a new world and possibilities for the bio-based eco-friendly wood adhesives. In this review paper, we have reviewed the crosslinking of nanocellulose to enhance the performance of wood adhesives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Modification of Nanocellulose in Wood Adhesive: Review

Vineeth¹,

Gadhave²,

Gadekar³

2019

OJPChem

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“…Cui et al (2015) similarly reported improved strength in particleboard when a tannin cross-linked adhesive system was supported by microfibrillar cellulose in the presence of solid paraformaldehyde as the hardener. Mahrdt et al (2016) published a follow-up paper to Veigel et al (2012), showing the effect of adding microfibrillar cellulose and aqueous ammonium nitrate as a hardener to UF resins for particleboards. The addition improved the board strength due to the more even adhesive distribution and increasing adhesive toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

et al. 2018

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Nanocellulose is a competitive reinforcement material for use in biocomposite structures and fibrous products. In this study, adhesive mixtures of dicarboxylic acid cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were dispersed into commercial polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and starch adhesives, which were applied to Norway spruce (Picea abies) to assess their performance in wood joining. Single-lap joints were prepared and tested with PVAc mixtures with 0 to 0.64 wt% CNF and starch glue mixtures containing 0 to 1.07 wt% CNF. CNF suspensions having three concentrations (0.64, 0.96, and 1.28%) were compared. The results showed that the optimum amount of CNF, 0.48% suspensions, added to PVAc increased the average lap joint strength (EN 205:2003) by 74.5% when compared to control specimens with pure PVAc. Correspondingly, 0.96% CNF suspensions also enhanced the strength of starch adhesive by 34.5%. Lower and higher CNF concentrations showed clearly inferior performance.

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“…Besides formaldehyde emission, also the brittleness of cured UF resin presents a rewarding target for improvement [11]. Inorganic particles such as nanoclay [8,9,[12][13][14][15] and cellulose nanoparticles [16][17][18] were successfully used as modifiers improving adhesive toughness and bond strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive

et al. 2018

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Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are important for wood industry due to their attractive properties at reasonable price. Particulate fillers added to UF are of interest with regard to improving the functionality of UF and also in terms of reduced UF consumption. To study their potential as filler, solid UF microspheres were synthesized and characterised respecting its morphology, chemical curing and thermal stability. Marigold flower structured spheres with diameters between 5 and 20 µm are presented and application trials demonstrated that high amounts of UF may be replaced by solid microspheres without impairing adhesive bond strength of solid wood bond lines. Fluorescence microscopy showed that microspheres greatly reduce adhesive penetration into the wood substrate, retaining the modified adhesive in the bondline. UF microspheres may thus be considered as viable filler for UF adhesives, particularly with regard to the possibility of endowing them with added functionality like self-healing properties.

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Effect of addition of microfibrillated cellulose to urea-formaldehyde on selected adhesive characteristics and distribution in particle board

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Modification of Nanocellulose in Wood Adhesive: Review

Chemical Modification of Nanocellulose in Wood Adhesive: Review

Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Bond Strength of Polyvinyl Acetate and Starch Adhesives for Wood

Urea-formaldehyde microspheres as a potential additive to wood adhesive

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