Effect of Adding Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Hair Sheep Lambs’ Diets on Productive Performance, Ruminal Fermentation Kinetics and Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

Abstract

This study determined productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa in hair sheep lambs fed different levels of olive oil. Twenty-four growing lambs were used, with an initial live weight of 10.5 ± 2.9 kg, and randomly assigned into four treatments (six animals per treatment) containing increasing levels of extra virgin olive oil (0, 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter). Animals were fed for 80 days, and sampling was carried out weekly. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) differed between treatments (p < 0.05), with a linear and cubic tendency to decrease when oil concentrations were increased. Digestibility coefficients of OM, CP and NDF were not affected; however, the relationship between total intake and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF, ADF) increased with 2% DM olive oil. Compared with all treatments, the concentration of propionic acid increased by 16% with 4% olive oil. The intake of olive oil did not affect the protozoa population and live weight gain. Overall, the inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs.

Methane emission, intake, digestibility, performance and blood metabolites in sheep supplemented with cupuassu and tucuma cake in the eastern Amazon

“…This might have been reflected in glucose concentrations, which were higher in control diets. Another possibility is related to a probable increase in propionic acid in the rumen or glycogenic amino acids in the diet, as ruminants are neoglucogenic animals ( 41 ), and the volume of glucose in the blood is almost equivalent to the production of propionate in the rumen, which in turn is regulated by the energy source in the diet ( 42 , 43 ); however, the results found are within the reference values. The increase in serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL was the result of increased lipid absorption in the intestine and increased metabolites in the bloodstream, due to the fat content of the CUP, TUC, and C80 diets.…”

Study on Saccharification Efficiency Improvement by Eurotium cristatum and Its Application in Kaoliang Spirit Production

“…The optimization of E. cristatum suspension can be used as a reference for fermentation kinetics. [ 10 ] Because glutinous sorghum was the only grain for the Kaoliang spirit production, it was a classical single substrate saccharification fermentation process. Therefore, the saccharification fermentation of glutinous sorghum met the classical Michaelis–Menten Equation (3): $$$$\begin{equation}V = \frac{{{V_{{\mathrm{max}}}} \times S}}{{{K_{\mathrm{M}}} + S}}\end{equation}$$$$where V is the reducing sugar production rate (g h −1 ) in each fermented glutinous sorghum sample.…”

“…The optimization of E. cristatum suspension can be used as a reference for fermentation kinetics. [10] Because glutinous sorghum was the only grain for the Kaoliang spirit production, it was a classical single substrate saccharification fermentation process. Therefore, the saccharification fermentation of glutinous sorghum met the classical Michaelis-Menten Equation ( 3):…”

“…[9] Moreover, fermentation kinetics contributes to optimizing the saccharification process, making the process optimization convenient and scientific. [10] In this study, we aimed to improve the saccharification efficiency of E. cristatum for Kaoliang spirit production. Fermentation kinetics were used to optimize the ideal saccharification process, and a series of changes in sorghum starch molecules were evaluated to understand how E. cristatum affects saccharification efficiency.…”

“…[ 9 ] Moreover, fermentation kinetics contributes to optimizing the saccharification process, making the process optimization convenient and scientific. [ 10 ]…”