Effect of acute stress on the expression of hypothalamic messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the endogenous opioid precursors preproenkephalin A and proopiomelanocortin

Larsen, Philip J.; Mau, Søren Mads

doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90030-2

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similar reciprocal changes in NPY and POMC mRNAs in the ARC seen during the course of anorexia and weight loss induced by repeated immobilization may be consequences of weight loss rather than immobilization-stress-specific alterations. In contrast, two other laboratories have reported an increase in ARC POMC mRNA following acute immobilization [27, 28]. This discrepancy between observations in acute and repeated immobilization also may be attributable to nutritional changes occurring in repeated stress experiments.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Decreased Type 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor mRNA Expression in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during Repeated Immobilization Stress

Makino¹,

Asaba²,

Nishiyama³

et al. 1999

Neuroendocrinology

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Chronic or repeated stress results in reduction of food intake and body weight in rats. Stress-induced anorexia has been attributed to increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) function in the central nervous system. To explore possible roles of other neuropeptides and peripheral hormones involved in food intake and energy utilization during continuing stress, we examined the impact of repeated immobilization stress on expression of mRNAs coding for CRH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNAs in such hypothalamic nuclei as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), as well as plasma insulin and leptin concentrations. Changes in type 2 CRH receptor (CRHR-2) mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a possible target of anorectic CRH effect, were also examined. Rats were immobilized for 2 h daily for 6 days and sacrificed 24 h after the last immobilization. Immobilized rats had lower food intake and body weight and higher levels of PVN CRH mRNA than controls. Repeated immobiliza tion also lowered plasma insulin and leptin concentrations and VMH CRHR-2 mRNA levels. These results provide additional evidence linking VMH CRHR-2 mRNA levels to plasma leptin concentration. ARC NPY and DMH galanin mRNAs increased following repeated immobilization, while ARC POMC mRNA decreased. DMH NPY mRNA and ARC galanin mRNA were unaltered by immobilization. Since NPY and galanin are considered orexigenic, while the POMC-melanocortin-4 receptor system is apparently anorexigenic, the changes in neuropeptide mRNAs and VMH CRHR-2 mRNA may play counterregulatory roles against anorectic CRH effects.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Decreased Type 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor mRNA Expression in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during Repeated Immobilization Stress

Makino¹,

Asaba²,

Nishiyama³

et al. 1999

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Although the present data cannot link the POMC arcuatoparaventricular projection to the effects of a chronic lack of glucocorticoid feedback on HPA axis activity, a number of studies have implicated a role for p-endorphin in the brain's stress response (Millan et al, 1981Przewlocki et al, 1982;Izquierdo and Netto, 1985;Larsen and Mau, 1994). In a study of fooddeprivation stress, POMC mRNA levels in the Arc and CRH mRNA levels in the PVN were both decreased, suggesting a functional link between Arc POMC and PVN CRH .…”

Section: Caudal Arcuatementioning

confidence: 70%

Arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Neuropeptidergic identity and consequences of adrenalectomy on mRNA levels in the rat

Baker

Herkenham

1995

J of Comparative Neurology

180

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The possible role that the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus might play in mediating the increase in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels following adrenalectomy was investigated in two series of experiments. In the first series in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to quantify levels of eight accurate nucleus neuropeptide and neurotransmitter mRNAs in neurons that potentially relay adrenal steroid feedback to the paraventricular nucleus. In the second series of experiments, arcuate neuropeptidergic projections to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus were characterized using retrograde tracing in combination with in situ hybridization histochemistry. Despite an increase in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone (60%) and pituitary proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels (sixfold), arcuate mRNA levels for proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, galanin, dynorphin, tyrosine hydroxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, and the glucocorticoid receptor were unchanged 14 days following adrenalectomy. Neuropeptidergic characterization of arcuatoparaventricular projections was achieved by injection of the retrograde tracer fluorogold into the paraventricular nucleus; retrogradely labeled neurons were characterized with polyclonal antisera against fluorogold in combination with oligonucleotide probes directed against neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, or somatostatin. Out of these three arcuate neuropeptide Y mRNA was contained in 18% of the fluorogold-positive neurons in the arcuate, proopiomelanocortin mRNA was contained in 8%, and somatostatin mRNA was contained in 6%. Overall, the results from both experiments suggest that the arcuatoparaventricular neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, and somatostatin projections are not sensitive to a chronic (14 day) lack of adrenal steroids. These projections as well as the other arcuate neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems appear not to contribute to the persistent elevations in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels or pituitary proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels found in 14 day adrenalectomized rats.

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“…An increase of 345% was observed after injection. POMC is well known for its involvement in stress in mammals (Hollt et al 1986, Wu & Childs 1991, Larsen & Mau 1994. In general, a similar involvement of POMC in the stress response of teleost fish was also found (Balm et al 1994, reviewed by Bonga et al 1995).…”

Section: Changes Of Transcriptinal Activities In the Catfish Pituitarmentioning

confidence: 83%

Transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis

Karsi

Li²,

Ra³

et al. 1998

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ESTs were analyzed from cDNA libraries constructed from mRNA isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. One hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. Of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ESTs were identified as known genes by identity comparisons. These 59 clones of known gene products represent transcriptional products of 30 genes. The 41 clones of unknown gene products represent 33 genes. Expression of gonadotropin (GtH) -subunit (149%) and prolactin (176%) was slightly enhanced as a result of induced ovulation. Large increases in frequencies of several peptide hormones were observed as a result of induced ovulation: GtH -I, 486%; GtH -II, 933%; growth hormone, 393%; proopiomelanocortin (POMC), 345%. POMC represented about 21% of all transcriptional activity in the pituitaries after induced ovulation. This is the first study addressing physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract, a procedure widely used in catfish hatcheries.

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Effect of acute stress on the expression of hypothalamic messenger ribonucleic acids encoding the endogenous opioid precursors preproenkephalin A and proopiomelanocortin

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Decreased Type 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor mRNA Expression in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during Repeated Immobilization Stress

Decreased Type 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor mRNA Expression in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during Repeated Immobilization Stress

Arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Neuropeptidergic identity and consequences of adrenalectomy on mRNA levels in the rat

Transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis

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