Effect of acute resistance exercise on carotid artery stiffness and cerebral blood flow pulsatility

Lefferts, Wesley K.; Augustine, Jacqueline A.; Heffernan, Kevin S.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00101

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…A cross‐sectional study by Nakamura and Muraoka () revealed increased MCA pulsatility with concurrent reduced central arterial compliance in resistance‐trained individuals. This appears to be a chronic adaptation as untrained individuals demonstrated no change in MCA pulsatility following resistance exercise, despite an increase in common carotid artery pulse pressure (Lefferts, Augustine, & Heffernan, ). Windkessel models of the cerebral circulation indicate that reductions in cerebral vessel compliance reduce TFA‐derived gain (Zhang, Behbehani, & Levine, ), indicating compliance is a modulator of cerebral autoregulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of habitual endurance and resistance exercise for dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Perry

Cotter

Korad

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Does habitual resistance and endurance exercise modify dynamic cerebral autoregulation? What is the main finding and its importance?To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to directly assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation in resistance‐trained individuals, and potential differences between exercise training modalities. Forced oscillations in blood pressure were induced by repeated squat–stands, from which dynamic cerebral autoregulation was assessed using transfer function analysis. These data indicate that dynamic cerebral autoregulatory function is largely unaffected by habitual exercise type, and further document the systemic circulatory effects of regular exercise. Abstract Regular endurance and resistance exercise produce differential but desirable physiological adaptations in both healthy and clinical populations. The chronic effect of these different exercise modalities on cerebral vessels’ ability to respond to rapid changes in blood pressure (BP) had not been examined. We examined dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) in 12 resistance‐trained (mean ± SD, 25 ± 6 years), 12 endurance‐trained (28 ± 9 years) and 12 sedentary (26 ± 6 years) volunteers. The dCA was assessed using transfer function analysis of forced oscillations in BP vs. middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), induced via repeated squat–stands at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz. Resting BP and MCAv were similar between groups (interaction: both P ≥ 0.544). The partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (P ETC O2) was unchanged (P = 0.561) across squat–stand manoeuvres (grouped mean for absolute change +0.6 ± 2.3 mmHg). Gain and normalized gain were similar between groups across all frequencies (both P ≥ 0.261). Phase showed a frequency‐specific effect between groups (P = 0.043), tending to be lower in resistance‐trained (0.63 ± 0.21 radians) than in endurance‐trained (0.90 ± 0.41, P = 0.052) and ‐untrained (0.85 ± 0.38, P = 0.081) groups at slower frequency (0.05 Hz) oscillations. Squat–stands induced mean arterial pressure perturbations differed between groups (interaction: P = 0.031), with greater changes in the resistance (P < 0.001) and endurance (P = 0.001) groups compared with the sedentary group at 0.05 Hz (56 ± 13 and 49 ± 11 vs. 35 ± 11 mmHg, respectively). The differences persisted at 0.1 Hz between resistance and sedentary groups (49 ± 12 vs. 33 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.001). These results indicate that dCA remains largely unaltered by habitual endurance and resistance exercise with a trend for phase to be lower in the resistance exercise group at lower fequencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of habitual endurance and resistance exercise for dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Perry

Cotter

Korad

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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“…An understanding of how arterial wall mechanics change during an acute bout of resistance exercise, when blood pressure is significantly elevated, might provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the increase in arterial stiffness previously reported (Lefferts et al. ). This is of particular importance in the CCA, as the brain is extremely susceptible to hemodynamic pulsatility (Hirata et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…CCA arterial stiffness is also known to increase following an acute bout of resistance exercise (Lefferts et al. ). Despite this, and the well‐known impact of acute resistance exercise on arterial hemodynamics, the effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on CCA wall mechanics is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate

et al. 2016

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Arterial wall mechanics likely play an integral role in arterial responses to acute physiological stress. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of low and moderate intensity double‐leg press exercise on common carotid artery (CCA) wall mechanics using 2D vascular strain imaging. Short‐axis CCA ultrasound images were collected in 15 healthy men (age: 21 ± 3 years; stature: 176.5 ± 6.2 cm; body mass; 80.6 ± 15.3 kg) before, during, and immediately after short‐duration isometric double‐leg press exercise at 30% and 60% of participants' one‐repetition maximum (1RM: 317 ± 72 kg). Images were analyzed for peak circumferential strain (PCS), peak systolic and diastolic strain rate (S‐SR and D‐SR), and arterial diameter. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were simultaneously assessed and arterial stiffness indices were calculated post hoc. A two‐way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that during isometric contraction, PCS and S‐SR decreased significantly (P < 0.01) before increasing significantly above resting levels post exercise (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Conversely, D‐SR was unaltered throughout the protocol (P = 0.25). No significant differences were observed between the 30% and 60% 1RM trials. Multiple regression analysis highlighted that HR, BP, and arterial diameter did not fully explain the total variance in PCS, S‐SR, and D‐SR. Acute double‐leg press exercise is therefore associated with similar transient changes in CCA wall mechanics at low and moderate intensities. CCA wall mechanics likely provide additional insight into localized intrinsic vascular wall properties beyond current measures of arterial stiffness.

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“…Because aerobic and stretching exercises are characterized by efficient cardiorespiratory functioning (e.g., Mazzeo et al, 1998; Seifert and Secher, 2011; Zheng et al, 2015) and improved cognitive control (e.g.,Voss et al, 2010; Erickson et al, 2015), we expect that engaging in these types of exercise should enable people to exert greater self-control over grudges (Pontifex et al, 2011; Burnette et al, 2014; Erickson et al, 2014; Audiffren and Andre, 2015). In comparison, because anaerobic exercise is defined by short bursts of extremely high energy that limits cardiorespiratory functioning (Jung et al, 2012; Lefferts et al, 2014) and cognitive control (e.g., Chang et al, 2012b), we propose that engaging in this form of exercise should limit self-control over grudges (Oaten and Cheng, 2006; Pontifex et al, 2011). Moreover, we predicted that one downstream gain for victims of transgressions who engage in aerobic and stretching exercises would be greater forgiveness than those who engage in anaerobic exercises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fit to Forgive: Effect of Mode of Exercise on Capacity to Override Grudges and Forgiveness

et al. 2017

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Forgiveness is important for repairing relationships that have been damaged by transgressions. In this research we explored the notion that the mode of physical exercise that victims of transgressions engage in and their capacity to override grudges are important in the process of forgiveness. Two exploratory studies that varied in samples (community non-student adults, undergraduate students) and research methods (non-experimental, experimental) were used to test these predictions. Findings showed that, compared to anaerobic or no exercise, aerobic and flexibility exercise facilitated self-control over grudges and forgiveness (Studies 1 and 2), and self-control over grudges explained the relation between exercise and forgiveness (Study 2). Possible mechanisms for future research are discussed.

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Effect of acute resistance exercise on carotid artery stiffness and cerebral blood flow pulsatility

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Implications of habitual endurance and resistance exercise for dynamic cerebral autoregulation

Implications of habitual endurance and resistance exercise for dynamic cerebral autoregulation

The effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate

Fit to Forgive: Effect of Mode of Exercise on Capacity to Override Grudges and Forgiveness

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