Effect of Acute Inspiratory Muscle Exercise on Blood Flow of Resting and Exercising Limbs and Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Corrêa, Ana Paula dos Santos; Antunes, Cristiano Fetter; Figueira, Franciele Ramos; Castro, Marina Axmann de; Ribeiro, Jorge Pinto; Schaan, Beatriz D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121384

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The present results are not in accordance with preliminary data in six patients that we have published (Corrêa et al, 2015a). Possible explanations for this discrepancy could be the small sample size evaluated previously, and different protocols, particularly the inclusion, in the present protocol, of controlled ventilation before IME (before both loads tested, 2% and 60% of PImax).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

Schein

Corrêa

Macedo

et al. 2020

Autonomic Neuroscience

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Inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) can be an alternative to conventional exercise. We aimed to evaluate the effect of IME on glucose, glucose variability, and autonomic cardiovascular control in type 2 diabetes. Fourteen diabetic subjects were randomly assigned to IME with 2% maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) or 60% PImax wearing a continuous glucose monitoring system for three days. Glucose variability [glucose variance (VAR), glucose coefficient of variation (CV%), glucose standard deviation (SD), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)] were evaluated. Glucose reduction was observed in 5 min (60% of PImax 33.2% and 2% of PImax 32.0%), 60 min (60% of PImax 29.6% and 2% of PImax 31.4%) and 120 min (60% of PImax 21.4% and 2% of PImax 24.0%) after IME (vs.1 h before the exercise), with no difference between loads. This reduction in glucose levels was observed in all moments of the IME protocol. Glucose variability was reduced after 12 h and 18 h of the IME (ΔCV: P < 0.001, ΔSD: P < 0.001 and ΔVAR: P < 0.001) for both loads. No difference was found in MAGE (P = 0.594) after IME. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate rose during the exercise session with 60% of PImax. Although sufficiently strong to induce cardiovascular changes, an inspiratory muscle exercise session with 60% of PImax in subjects with type 2 diabetes has failed to induce any significant improvement in glucose, glucose variability and autonomic control, compared to the 2% Plmax exercise session.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

Schein

Corrêa

Macedo

et al. 2020

Autonomic Neuroscience

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“…Mice fed with HFD showed a significant increase in mean body weight as compared to other groups ( P < 0.05), whereas exercise maintained the body weight in the HFD + Ex group similar to the group fed with ND (Figure 1B ). Although exercise is reported to reduce blood glucose level (Correa et al, 2015 ), we did not find significant decrease in the level of blood glucose in HFD + Ex group (Figure 1C ). It could be due to less duration and/or intensity of exercise.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 71%

Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing interleukin 10

et al. 2015

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Increasing evidence suggests that a sedentary lifestyle and a high fat diet (HFD) leads to cardiomyopathy. Moderate exercise ameliorates cardiac dysfunction, however underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased inflammation due to induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) contributes to cardiac dysfunction in obese and diabetics. We hypothesized that exercise training ameliorates HFD- induced cardiac dysfunction by mitigating obesity and inflammation through upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of TNF-α. To test this hypothesis, 8 week old, female C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD and exercised (swimming 1 h/day for 5 days/week for 8 weeks). The four treatment groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD + exercise (HFD + Ex) and ND + Ex were analyzed for mean body weight, blood glucose level, TNF-α, IL-10, cardiac fibrosis by Masson Trichrome, and cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography. Mean body weights were increased in HFD but comparatively less in HFD + Ex. The level of TNF-α was elevated and IL-10 was downregulated in HFD but ameliorated in HFD + Ex. Cardiac fibrosis increased in HFD and was attenuated by exercise in the HFD + Ex group. The percentage ejection fraction and fractional shortening were decreased in HFD but comparatively increased in HFD + Ex. There was no difference between ND and ND + Ex for the above parameters except an increase in IL-10 level following exercise. Based on these results, we conclude that exercise mitigates HFD- induced cardiomyopathy by decreasing obesity, inducing IL-10, and reducing TNF-α in mice.

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“…Individuals with metabolic syndrome showed no decrease in glucose after a 7-day RMT protocol (15 min, 3 times a day) at a 30% load of PImax ( 30 ). Lastly, a previous study observed that individuals with type 2 DM demonstrated a 40% reduction in glucose levels with a single high-strength RMT load (60% PImax) ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of respiratory muscle training on parasympathetic activity in diabetes mellitus

Trevisan

Araújo

Duarte

et al. 2021

Braz J Med Biol Res

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This study verified the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on hemodynamics, heart rate (HR) variability, and muscle morphology in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups and 34 completed the study: i) sham-sedentary (Sham-ST; n=9); ii) sham-RMT (Sham-RMT; n=9); iii) DM-sedentary (DM-ST; n=8); and iv) DM-RMT (DM-RMT; n=8). Hemodynamics were assessed by central cannulation, and R-R intervals were measured by electrocardiogram. In addition, the effects of RMT on the cross-sectional area of the diaphragm, anterior tibial, and soleus muscles were analyzed. The induction of DM by streptozotocin resulted in weight loss, hyperglycemia, reduced blood pressure, and attenuated left ventricular contraction and relaxation (Po0.05). We also observed a decrease in root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) index and in the cross-sectional area of the muscles assessed, specifically the diaphragm, soleus, and anterior tibial muscles in diabetic rats (Po0.05). Interestingly, RMT led to an increase in RMSSD in rats with DM (Po0.05). The induction of DM produced profound deleterious changes in the diaphragmatic and peripheral muscles, as well as impairments in cardiovascular hemodynamics and autonomic control. Nevertheless, RMT may beneficially attenuate autonomic changes and improve parasympathetic modulation.

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Effect of Acute Inspiratory Muscle Exercise on Blood Flow of Resting and Exercising Limbs and Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

Acute inspiratory muscle exercise effect on glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A crossover randomized trial

Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing interleukin 10

Effects of respiratory muscle training on parasympathetic activity in diabetes mellitus

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