Effect of acute exercise on uncoupling protein 3  is a fat metabolism-mediated effect

Schrauwen, Patrick; Hesselink, Matthijs K. C.; Vaartjes, Ilonca; Kornips, Esther; Saris, Wim H. M.; Giacobino, Jean‐Paul; Russell, Aaron P.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2002.282.1.e11

Cited by 78 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our results provide evidence that exercise does not result in major changes in the ratio of UCP3 to other mitochondrial constituents. This is in contrast to the picture provided by previous studies of marked alterations in mitochondrial composition, with an initial large disproportional increase in UCP3 with one exercise bout (33,37) and a large decrease in UCP3 with training (6,29).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…recovery." Similarly, Schrauwen et al (29) reported that UCP3 expression was significantly lower in muscles of trained compared with untrained men and that maximal oxygen uptake capacity was negatively correlated with UCP3. In these studies, UCP3 mRNA, rather than actual UCP3 expression, was measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…They speculated that "a need for high metabolic efficiency is associated with decreased mRNA expression of UCPs in skeletal muscle which would decrease energy dissipation" in the trained state. Similarly, Schrauwen et al (29) reported that endurance-trained men had significantly reduced UCP3 mRNA levels in quadriceps muscles compared with untrained men and that UCP3 mRNA was negatively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake capacity in these subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They also reported that UCP3 protein concentration was increased 3.5-fold immediately after 100 min of treadmill running and 5.6-fold immediately after 200 min of running (37). In studies in humans, Pilegaard et al (23) found an ϳ2.5-fold increase in UCP3 mRNA 4 h after a 4-h bout of cycling, and Schrauwen et al (29) reported an approximately twofold increase in UCP3 mRNA 4 h after exercise in men who performed cycle exercise for 2 h in the fasting state.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Because of its possible role in energy metabolism, a number of investigators have studied the adaptive response of UCP3 in skeletal muscle to exercise (11,23,29,33,37). reported that UCP3 mRNA was increased sevenfold in skeletal muscle of mice 3 h after a single bout of treadmill running and 16-fold 3 h after exercise in mice that had been trained for 3 wk by swimming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis

Jones

Baar

Ojuka

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Previous studies have indicated that exercise acutely induces large increases in uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle, whereas endurance training results in marked decreases in muscle UCP3. Because UCP3 expression appears to be regulated by the same mechanism as other mitochondrial constituents, it seemed unlikely that exercise would result in such large and divergent changes in mitochondrial composition. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that major changes in UCP3 protein concentration do not occur independently of mitochondrial biogenesis and that UCP3 increases as a component of the exercise-induced increase in mitochondria. We found a large increase in UCP3 mRNA immediately and 3 h after a bout of swimming. UCP3 protein concentration was increased ϳ35% 18 h after a single exercise bout, ϳ63% after 3 days, and ϳ84% after 10 days of exercise. These increases in UCP3 roughly paralleled those of other mitochondrial marker proteins. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that endurance exercise induces an adaptive increase in mitochondria that have a normal content of UCP3. gene expression; cytochrome c; cytochrome oxidase; skeletal muscle THE MITCHONDRIAL PROTEIN UCP3 was identified on the basis of its homology with the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) present in brown adipose tissue (14). It has been proposed on the basis of its homology with UCP1 that UCP3 also functions as an uncoupling protein (5, 14). Furthermore, some investigators have interpreted the results of studies of the heterologous expression of UCP3 in yeast (36) and of overexpression or knockout of UCP3 in transgenic mice (8, 9, 34) as providing evidence for uncoupling.UCP3 is expressed primarily in skeletal muscle (14). Because of its possible role in energy metabolism, a number of investigators have studied the adaptive response of UCP3 in skeletal muscle to exercise (11,23,29,33,37). reported that UCP3 mRNA was increased sevenfold in skeletal muscle of mice 3 h after a single bout of treadmill running and 16-fold 3 h after exercise in mice that had been trained for 3 wk by swimming. They speculated that "upregulation of UCP3 mRNA may be a defense mechanism against extra energy supply to consume extra energy in skeletal muscle." Similarly, Zhou et al. (37) reported that UCP3 mRNA was increased approximately sevenfold immediately after a 200-min-long bout of swimming. A similar response was seen after a bout of treadmill running. They also reported that UCP3 protein concentration was increased 3.5-fold immediately after 100 min of treadmill running and 5.6-fold immediately after 200 min of running (37). In studies in humans, Pilegaard et al. (23) found an ϳ2.5-fold increase in UCP3 mRNA 4 h after a 4-h bout of cycling, and Schrauwen et al. (29) reported an approximately twofold increase in UCP3 mRNA 4 h after exercise in men who performed cycle exercise for 2 h in the fasting state.Although there were differences in the time course and magnitudes of the increases, all of the studies on the acute effect of ex...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis

Jones

Baar

Ojuka

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Role of fatty acids in the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise

Hirabara

Silveira

Abdulkader

et al. 2006

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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In moderate physical exercise, the transition from predominantly anaerobic towards predominantly aerobic metabolism is a key step to improve performance. Increase in the supply of oxygen and nutrients, such as free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, which accompanies high blood flow, is required for this transition. The mechanisms involved in the vasodilation in skeletal muscle during physical activity are not completely known yet. In this article, we postulate a role of FFA and heat production in this process. The presence of uncoupling protein-2 and -3 (UCP-2 and -3) in skeletal muscle, whose activity is dependent on FFA, suggests that these metabolites can act as mitochondrial uncouplers in this tissue. Evidence indicates however that UCPs act as uncouplers only when coenzyme Q is predominantly in the reduced state (i.e. under nonphosphorylation conditions or state 4 respiration) as is observed in resting muscles and in the beginning of physical activity (predominantly anaerobic metabolism). The increase in the lipolytic activity in adipose tissue in the beginning of physical activity results in elevated plasma FFA levels. The FFA can then act on the UCPs, increasing the local heat production. We propose that this calorigenic effect of FFA is important to activate nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitric oxide production and consequent vasodilation. Therefore, FFA would be important mediators for the changes that occur in muscle metabolism during prolonged physical activity, ensuring the appropriate supply of oxygen and nutrients by increasing blood flow at the beginning of exercise in the contracting skeletal muscles.

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A heterogeneous response of liver and skeletal muscle fat to the combination of a Paleolithic diet and exercise in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2018

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to investigate ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity, in a parallel single-blinded randomised controlled trial, comparing Paleolithic diet alone with the combination of Paleolithic diet and exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods Thirty-two individuals with type 2 diabetes with BMI 25-40 kg/m 2 and 30-70 years of age followed a Paleolithic diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. In addition, study participants were randomised by computer program to either supervised combined exercise training (PD-EX group) or standard care exercise recommendations (PD group). Staff performing examinations and assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Thirteen participants were analysed in each group: hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were measured using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique combined with [6, H 2 ]glucose infusion, and liver fat was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; both analyses were secondary endpoints. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a secondary analysis. All examinations were performed at Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. Results Both study groups showed a median body weight loss of 7 kg. Fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg in the PD group and by 6.5 kg in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased in the PD-EX group only. Liver fat showed a consistent reduction (74% decrease) in the PD group, while the response in the PD-EX group was heterogeneous (p < 0.05 for the difference between groups). IMCL content of the soleus muscle decreased by 40% in the PD group and by 22% in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between groups). Both groups improved their peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, but not their hepatic insulin sensitivity. Plasma fetuin-A decreased by 11% in the PD group (p < 0.05) and remained unchanged in the PD-EX group. Liver fat changes during the intervention were correlated with changes in fetuin-A (r S = 0.63, p < 0.01). Participants did not report any important adverse events caused by the intervention. Conclusions/interpretation A Paleolithic diet reduced liver fat and IMCL content, while there was a tissue-specific heterogeneous response to added exercise training.

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Effect of acute exercise on uncoupling protein 3 is a fat metabolism-mediated effect

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis

Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis

Role of fatty acids in the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise

A heterogeneous response of liver and skeletal muscle fat to the combination of a Paleolithic diet and exercise in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

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