Effect of Active and Passive Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis and Consensual Effect on the Venous Blood Flow Velocity Among Hemiparetic Patients

Abstract

Our aim was to measure the venous blood flow velocity (VBFV) in case of hemiparetic patients, after passive and active thromboembolic methods, as well as the consensual effect in the hemiparetic limb following the active venous exercises in the healthy limb. We examined 215 patients, with the median age of 58.0 (55.0-63.0) years. The VBFV was measured with a HADECO BIDOP ES-100 V II type Doppler ultrasound device, using an 8 MHz head, on the femoral vein at the level of the hip joint. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 22 was used. After passive movement, on the hemiparetic side, compared to the value in resting state, the VBFV significantly (12.6; 11.6-13.5 cm/s; P < .001) increased. Following active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV significantly (18.0; 15.6-19.6 cm/s; P < .001) increased compared to the value in resting state. Following the active venous exercises performed on the healthy side, the VBFV measured on the hemiparetic side (consensual effect) was significantly (15.1 [14.1-16.5] cm/s; P < .001) higher than the value on the hemiparetic side in resting state. Active and passive mechanical thromboprophylaxis methods can be effective. Movements of the healthy limb significantly increase the VBFV in the inactive limb, and patients can perform it themselves several times a day.

Grip Exercise of Non-Paretic Hand Can Improve Venous Return in the Paretic Arm in Stroke Patients: An Experimental Study in the Supine and Sitting Positions

“…Kiss at al. 13) reported that exercises of the lower extremity of non-paretic side significantly increase the venous blood flow velocity in the extremity of paretic side due to consensual effect. However, their regiment of exercise included breathing effect and a little contraction of paretic side.…”

Effect of active and passive techniques used in thromboembolic prophylaxis on venous flow velocity in the post-procedure period

“…Using an 8 MHz head and the “PEAK VELOCITY” mode on a Hadeco BIDOP ES-100V II type Doppler ultrasound equipment, the peak venous blood flow velocity was determined. As in several previous studies, the venous blood flow velocity was measured at the level of the hip joint in the femoral vein ( Kwon et al, 2003 ; Toya et al, 2016 ; Kiss et al, 2019 ; Tsuda et al, 2020 ). Participants wore only underwear on their lower bodies and relaxed, comfortable attire throughout the assessment.…”

“…By accelerating venous flow and decreasing venous stasis, mechanical thromboembolism prophylaxis prevents thromboembolism ( Roderick, 2005 ; Edwards et al, 2008 ; Rothberg et al, 2010 ). The impact of mechanical thromboembolism prevention on venous flow velocity has been examined in several research ( Kwon et al, 2003 ; Nelson et al, 2008 ; Sekk et al, 2015 ; Kiss et al, 2019 ). They have shown that massage stimulates the muscles and improves their contractions, promoting venous circulation.…”

“…These studies examine the first 10–15 min following the intervention. The venous flow rate has not yet reached resting levels during this period ( Stein et al, 2010 , Benk 2002; Sekk et al, 2015 ; Kiss et al, 2019 , Myron 2008).…”

PathoBiochemistry-directed Guidelines for COVID-19

“…Maintaining blood flow through: -Avoiding increases in blood viscosity with adequate hydration based on urine output [91] . Promotion of blood circulation by active and passive movements [92] . Supporting ventilation and perfusion of all West's lung zones by breathing exercises and prone positioning [93,94].…”