Effect of Acid–Rock Reaction on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Tight Limestone

Lai, Jie; Guo, Jianchun; Ma, Ying‐Xian; Zhou, Hang-Yu; Wang, Shibin; Liu, Yuxuan

doi:10.1007/s00603-021-02650-5

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…• Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that the mechanical properties exhibit rock weakening post-acid treatment. The mechanical properties (i.e., elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, material index, and the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest) showed that the rock weakened after acidizing, and this finding is in line with the work of other researchers (Lai et al 2021;Mustafa et al 2022;Zhang et al 2020a). • Young's modulus for the seven rock samples investigated exhibited a reduction of 26-37%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…On the other hand, others investigated the effect of acid treatment on the mechanical rock structure (Zhang et al 2020b) and the influence of the rock mineralogy on acidizing efficiency (Martyushev et al 2022). Various acidizing fluids such as self-diverting acid (Bazin et al 1999;Lungwitz et al 2007), visco-elastic surfactant (VES) acid, gelled acid, self-generated acids, and recently, emulsified acid (Martyushev and Vinogradov 2021) and chelating agents (Tariq et al 2021) have been developed and investigated both in the laboratory and in field-scale (Gou et al 2021;Hassan and Al-Hashim 2017;Isah et al 2021a, b;Kiani et al 2021;Lai et al 2021;Li and Shi 2021;Martyushev and Vinogradov 2021;Melendez et al 2007;Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, gelled acid is capable of decreasing the rock's breakdown pressure significantly (up to 57% less than that achievable by water fracturing), thus increasing fracture propagation and enhancing efficiency (Gou et al 2021). Moreover, gelled acid creates larger wormholes compared to crosslinked acid; consequently, it weakens the rock's mechanical properties more than crosslinked acid (Lai et al 2021). Stimulation success depends on the length and width of these wormholes (Al-Arji et al 2021); thus, a successful acid treatment operation requires that the wormhole propagates deep into the formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of rocks: an experimental investigation in Ahdeb oil field

Alameedy

Alhaleem

Isah

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Acidizing is one of the most used stimulation techniques in the petroleum industry. Several reports have been issued on the difficulties encountered during the stimulation operation of the Ahdeb oil field, particularly in the development of the Mishrif reservoir, including the following: (1) high injection pressures make it difficult to inject acid into the reservoir formation, and (2) only a few acid jobs have been effective in Ahdeb oil wells, while the bulk of the others has been unsuccessful. The significant failure rate of oil well stimulation in this deposit necessitates more investigations. Thus, we carried out this experimental study to systematically investigate the influence of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of Mi4 formation of the Mishrif reservoir. The acid core-flood experiments were performed on seven core samples from the oil reservoir in central Iraq. The porosity, permeability, acoustic velocities, rock strength, and dynamic elastic parameters were computed before and after the acidizing treatment. To determine the optimal acid injection rate, different injection flow rates were used in the core-flooding experiments. The propagation of an acid-induced wormhole and its effect on the rock properties were analyzed and compared to that of intact rocks. Computed tomography (CT) scan and a 3D reconstruction technique were also conducted to establish the size and geometry of the generated wormhole. To analyze the influence of mineralogical variation and heterogeneity and confirm the consistency of the outcomes, acidizing experiments on different rock samples were conducted. The results demonstrate that for all the rock samples studied, the mechanical properties exhibit rock weakening post-acid treatment. The Young’s modulus reduced by 26% to 37%, while the Poisson’s ratio, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest, and the material index increased by 13% to 20%, 23% to 32%, and 28% to 125%, respectively. The CT scan visually confirmed that the acid treatment effectively creates a pathway for fluid flow through the core.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of rocks: an experimental investigation in Ahdeb oil field

Alameedy

Alhaleem

Isah

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…As revealed by the nanoindentation measurements of the rock surface hardness, solvent cleaning causes a decrease in rock strength and competence. Similar observations were made in refs − on carbonate rocks.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Influence of Surface Cleaning on the Wettability of Quartz/Oil/Brine Systems

et al. 2023

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Wettability is the measure of a liquid’s ability to adhere to or spread on a solid surface. The contact angle is a quantitative measure of wettability but can be affected by surface cleaning processes. The systematic investigation of wettability modification caused by surface cleaning is lacking. This study employs pure quartz substrates to examine the effect of rock surface cleaning on the wettability of rock/oil/brine systems. The nonporous substrates were polished and aged in solvents and formation fluids before being cleaned with different agents. Wettability was assessed using the contact angle technique at elevated pressures (0.1–50 MPa) and temperatures (353 K). The study also examined adsorption, surface morphology, roughness, and changes in rock strength using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), and nanoindentation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were also performed before and after exposure to fluids. The results showed that interactions between quartz–brine, quartz–oil, and quartz–solvents significantly influence the wetting behavior. Our findings suggest that cleaning agents may not completely remove all adsorbed salts and crude oil components from the rock surfaces and may also adsorb onto the surfaces themselves, altering wettability. The presence of oxygen-containing groups, such as hydroxyl groups (O–H), increased the surface energy and promoted hydrophilic behavior, making the surface more water-wet. While the presence of nonpolar functional groups, like alkyl groups (−CH3), aromatic C–H, and methylene (CH2) groups, makes the surface more oil-wet. Interestingly, an increase in pressure has little or no effect on the contact angle of the n-decane/brine/rock system, but exposure to fluids did modify rock surface roughness and strength. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into rock surface cleaning and its influence on the wettability of rock/oil/brine systems. Understanding these interactions is crucial for various applications in the oil and gas industry.

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“…Its main component is calcium carbonate. The acidic environment has an obvious effect on the deterioration of limestone performance, which has been studied widely in the literature [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Based on this consideration, in this paper, limestone was soaked in a sulfuric acid solution for 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Damage to Limestone under Acidic Conditions: Phenomena and Mechanisms

Xing-ming

Luo

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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In an acidic environment, the mineral components in rock begin to break down. As a result, the microstructure will be damaged, and then the mechanical properties will deteriorate, which will eventually have a negative effect on engineering stability. In order to study acid damage’s effect on this kind of rock, limestone samples were acidified for 0 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days. The microstructure changes in the limestone after acidification were studied via the wave velocity test and electron microscope scanning, and the damage deterioration mechanism was revealed. The results show that the acoustic signal of acidified samples has an obvious absorption effect at high frequency, and the surface pore structure of acidified samples shows fractal characteristics. The P-wave velocity, main peak amplitude, and fractal dimension of the acidified samples did not gradually decrease with time; however, there was a short-term strengthening phenomenon during immersion, which was mainly caused by the formation of CaSO4 crystals.

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Effect of Acid–Rock Reaction on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Tight Limestone

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of rocks: an experimental investigation in Ahdeb oil field

Effect of acid treatment on the geomechanical properties of rocks: an experimental investigation in Ahdeb oil field

Influence of Surface Cleaning on the Wettability of Quartz/Oil/Brine Systems

Microscopic Damage to Limestone under Acidic Conditions: Phenomena and Mechanisms

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