Effect of acetone–butanol–ethanol addition to diesel on the soot reactivity

Luo, Jianfei; Zhang, Yongming; Wang, Jinjun; Zhang, Qixing

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.036

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Although previous studies have shown the potential of ABE to reduce soot emissions, it is necessary to examine the variation in the soot oxidation reactivity of ABEdiesel blends. A recent study by Luo et al [195] has confirmed that the average soot activation energies of the ABE were lower than diesel. The soot particles of ABE blends were more prone to oxidize by oxygen.…”

Section: Soot Emissionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…With increasing ABE concentration, the size of primary particles ↓, nanocrystallites length ↓, and amount of aromatic C=C functional groups in the soot ↓, while nanocrystallites tortuosity ↑, amount of oxygenated functional groups ↑, and atomic O/C and H/C ratios ↑ [195] Direct Injection CI engine, Speed: 1400, 2000 & 2600 rpm, BA10 (1:2.9), BA20, BA30…”

Section: Power and Torquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as biofuel in gasoline and diesel engine: A review

Veza

Said

Latiff

2019

Fuel Processing Technology

113

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The properties of butanol offer more promising results compared to those of lower chain alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. However, butanol as a biofuel has not yet been commercially produced due to its costly process. Butanol is generally produced via the process of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation and can only be acquired after it was recovered from the ABE solvent. Despite the efforts and recent developments, obtaining higher butanol concentration from ABE fermentation is still relatively expensive and challenging. The idea of using ABE directly in internal combustion engines is then proposed to eliminate the recovery process. Several preliminary studies have reported several promising results of using ABE blends in both gasoline and diesel engines. However, researches in this area are still in the early stages, and thorough investigations are required. This review paper aims to provide essential findings from the latest development in the addition of ABE both with gasoline and diesel fuel in Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines. A brief discussion on ABE properties will be firstly given before the effects of its addition on SI and CI engine is comprehensively reviewed. The end of this article highlights some possible contributions and research gaps.

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Section: Soot Emissionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Power and Torquementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as biofuel in gasoline and diesel engine: A review

Veza

Said

Latiff

2019

Fuel Processing Technology

113

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“…The legislation has been increasingly restrictive, mainly with nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM), and the number of research papers focused on the reduction of these compounds is high and is a topic still in debate. − The simultaneous removal of NO x and soot is a challenging task that strongly depends on the formulation of the catalysts. Even though the use of new biofuels or blends between diesel and alcohols produces smaller sized soot particles and higher reactive species, , the increase in NO x emission is considerable, , and the best solution for their reduction should be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1−4 The simultaneous removal of NO x and soot is a challenging task that strongly depends on the formulation of the catalysts. Even though the use of new biofuels or blends between diesel and alcohols produces smaller sized soot particles and higher reactive species, 5,6 the increase in NO x emission is considerable, 7,8 and the best solution for their reduction should be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of Soot Removal Mechanism over DeNOx-Catalysts as Passive Converters

Cortés‐Reyes

Herrera

Larrubia

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Although diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are able to efficiently remove soot and coupled NO x storage and reduction and selective catalytic reaction (NSR−SCR) technologies can considerably decrease NO x emissions, the elimination of soot over Pt−Ba− K/Al 2 O 3 and Cu-CHA NO x removal catalysts acting as passive converters is still an open topic. The estimation of the occurrence frequency and activation energy values from the distribution function of activation energy allowed the identification of sequential steps involved in the soot removal. For that, TG-MS nonisothermal experiments were carried out over the model of deNO x catalysts under a NO+O 2 atmosphere. For bare soot, only gas-phase components react with carbon particles to produce CO 2 at high temperatures with E a values higher than 120 kJ mol −1 for the direct oxidation by molecular oxygen and 114 kJ mol −1 for the assisted soot removal process by NO x . For the lean NO x trap (LNT) model catalyst, the combination of hydroxylated centers, provided by the incorporation of potassium responsible for the carbon elimination via gasification (70−90 kJ mol −1 ), and nitrate species stored onto the surface, involved in the elimination via oxidation (97 kJ mol −1 ), together with the gas-phase interaction, makes this catalyst an efficient soot passive converter. The Cu-SAPO-34 SCR catalyst with 4 wt % of copper located inside the framework and small pores of the chabazite structure are not able to act as a converter because soot removal takes place via assisted combustion with NO x and molecular oxygen, similar to the uncatalyzed process. CeO 2 , the main component of DPF, presented the lowest values of T 90 (923 K), ignition soot temperature, and activation energy due to the intervention of highly reactive oxygen species being the most effective soot converter in the low-temperature range.

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“…Based on the results obtained from constant volume chambers, Zhao et al proposed a phenomenological soot model to reveal the soot formation process of ABE/diesel blends. Luo et al , studied the soot formation experimentally and pointed out the ethanol and butanol in ABE could inhibit soot formation, but acetone would cause the opposite. The puffing and microexplosion phenomenon of ABE/diesel blends has been studied by Han and Ma et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray, Combustion, and Flame Structures of High-Ratio Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE)/Diesel Blends in a Constant Volume Chamber

Lee

Yan

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) can be utilized as a clean transportation fuel to avoid the production cost of biobutanol as well as the plastic-degradation issues of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE). In light of this, optical experiments were conducted in a constant volume chamber under various test conditions to reveal the spray, combustion, and flame structure of IBE/diesel blends. The experimental results show that with the addition of IBE into diesel, the spray evaporation improves significantly; the larger the IBE blending ratio is, the shorter the liquid spray penetration. However, the addition of IBE causes the maximum combustion pressure and peak apparent heat release rate to reduce. Compared with diesel, the flame lift-off length (FLOL) of the fuel blends is noticeably longer. Furthermore, it prolongs as the amount of IBE in the blend increases. The long FLOL of the fuel blends combined with its short liquid spray penetration contributes to a large mixing area for fuel to evaporate, which reduces the local equivalence ratio. Results also show that the fuel blends always give a lower spatial integrated natural luminosity (SINL) than diesel. The SINL curve gradually gets narrower as the IBE blending ratio increases. That is to say, the addition of IBE into diesel can reduce the rate of soot formation but accelerate the soot oxidation.

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Effect of acetone–butanol–ethanol addition to diesel on the soot reactivity

Cited by 36 publications

References 73 publications

Progress of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as biofuel in gasoline and diesel engine: A review

Progress of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as biofuel in gasoline and diesel engine: A review

Understanding of Soot Removal Mechanism over DeNOx-Catalysts as Passive Converters

Spray, Combustion, and Flame Structures of High-Ratio Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE)/Diesel Blends in a Constant Volume Chamber

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