Effect of acceleration and deceleration distance on the walking speed of people with chronic stroke

Ng, Ssm; Au, Kat K C; Chan, Emily L W; Chan, Daisy O M; Keung, Ginger M Y; Lee, Joanna K Y; Kwong, Patrick W.H.; Tam, Eric W.; Fong, Shirley S.M.

doi:10.2340/16501977-2124

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[41][42][43] The literature is scarce about the factors related to ability to increase walking speed. In our study the walking speed reserve was 20%, which is slightly lower than previous studies, 44,45 described between 25 to 50% in ambulatory after stroke with similar walking speed, and age (mean self-selected walking speed between 0.74m/ and 0.84m/s, and mean fast walking speed between 0.93m/s to 1.05m/s; mean age ranged 60 to 61 years). 44,45 One previous study found a significant association between balance (assessed by Berg Balance Scale) and walking speed reserve (r= 0.74) in individuals after stroke, demonstrating that besides muscle strength other variables may be related to ability to increase gait speed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Previous studies have investigated the individual role of muscles groups in predicting the walking speed. 4,44,[46][47][48] However, the relation between average strength of paretic side on walking speed and walking speed reserve was not well reported so far. Individuals after stroke show different strategies to activate the lower limb muscles to walk during self-selected, fast and, to increase walking speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between walking and strength of lower limbs after chronic stroke

et al. 2020

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Certain muscle groups strength directly influence walking speed (WS), and the lower strength of the paretic side is significantly associated with lower WS of individuals after stroke. Studies that have investigated the association between the average of lower limb strength and the WS in individuals are scarce. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the strength could explain walking performance due to some muscle weakness could be compensated by the strength of others, mainly because all muscles act in group, not isolated. Objective: To investigate the association between WS and lower limbs muscle strength, and to identify whether an individual muscle group or the average strength of lower limb would best predict WS and walking speed reserve (WSR) in individuals with stroke. Methods: Sixty-four community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke have their maximum isometric strength (hip flexors/extensors/abductors, knee flexors/extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors/plantarflexors) and self-selected and fast WS (10m walk test) measured. WSR was considered as the difference between the fast and self-selected speed. Results: Average strength of the paretic limb accounted for 19% and 20% of the variance in self-selected and fast WS, respectively. Plantarflexor strength of the paretic, knee and hip flexors of the non-paretic side explained alone 27% of the WSR scores and plantarflexor strength of the paretic side alone explained 15%.Conclusion: Average muscle strength of the paretic side contributed to self-selected and fast WS. Plantarflexor strength of the paretic side, knee and hip flexors of the non-paretic side contributed with the WSR of chronic stroke individuals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between walking and strength of lower limbs after chronic stroke

et al. 2020

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“…The authors concluded that the walking pattern alteration could be different during the aging process, and could also depend on testing conditions. The impact of the methods used to obtain walking/gait speed was also addressed by Ng et al 101 and Wang et al 102 To explain alterations of walking capacity and patterns, different hypotheses have been put forward. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a significant correlation between walking speed and maximal voluntary contraction of knee extensor was shown.…”

Section: Physiological Changes In the Older Population: Sarcopenia Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Preserving Mobility in Older Adults with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for Physical Activity Interventions</p>

Billot¹,

Calvani²,

Urtamo³

et al. 2020

CIA

134

100

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One of the most widely conserved hallmarks of aging is a decline in functional capabilities. Mobility loss is particularly burdensome due to its association with negative health outcomes, loss of independence and disability, and the heavy impact on quality of life. Recently, a new condition, physical frailty and sarcopenia, has been proposed to define a critical stage in the disabling cascade. Physical frailty and sarcopenia are characterized by weakness, slowness, and reduced muscle mass, yet with preserved ability to move independently. One of the strategies that have shown some benefits in combatting mobility loss and its consequences for older adults is physical activity. Here, we describe the opportunities and challenges for the development of physical activity interventions in people with physical frailty and sarcopenia. The aim of this article is to review age-related physio(patho)logical changes that impact mobility in old age and to provide recommendations and procedures in accordance with the available literature.

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“…Selection of walk test protocols and reference values. Because walk test protocol features (e.g., distances [50,51]; walking aid used [52]; encouragement [53]) can influence performance, a single protocol for each walk test was developed to enable comparison across care settings. We used criteria (see Supplementary Material 1) to select and adapt protocols that would optimize measurement accuracy, applicability to people undergoing stroke rehabilitation, and implementation feasibility for hospital settings in terms of cost, space, and time.…”

Section: Use Of Theory To Design the Toolkit Implementation Strategy And Process Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of theory to develop and evaluate a toolkit to increase clinical measurement and interpretation of walking speed and distance in adults post-stroke

Salbach

MacKay-Lyons

Solomon

et al. 2021

Disability and Rehabilitation

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Purpose: The iWalk study showed that 10-meter walk test (10mWT) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) administration post-stroke increased among physical therapists (PTs) following introduction of a toolkit comprising an educational guide, mobile app, and video. We describe the use of theory guiding toolkit development and a process evaluation. Materials and methods: We used the knowledge-to-action framework to identify research steps; and a guideline implementability framework, self-efficacy theory, and the transtheoretical model to design and evaluate the toolkit and implementation process (three learning sessions). In a before-and-after study, 37 of the 49 participating PTs completed online questionnaires to evaluate engagement with learning sessions, and rate self-efficacy to perform recommended practices pre-and post-intervention. Thirty-three PTs and 7 professional leaders participated in post-intervention focus groups and interviews, respectively. Results: All sites conducted learning sessions; attendance was 50-78%. Self-efficacy ratings for recommended practices increased and were significant for the 10mWT (p 0.004). Qualitative findings highlighted that theory-based toolkit features and implementation strategies likely facilitated engagement with toolkit components, contributing to observed improvements in PTs' knowledge, attitudes, skill, selfefficacy, and clinical practice. Conclusions: The approach may help to inform toolkit development to advance other rehabilitation practices of similar complexity. ä IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONToolkits are an emerging knowledge translation intervention used to support widespread implementation of clinical practice guideline recommendations. Although experts recommend using theory to inform the development of knowledge translation interventions, there is little guidance on a suitable approach. This study describes an approach to using theories, models and frameworks to design a toolkit and implementation strategy, and a process evaluation of toolkit implementation. Theory-based features of the toolkit and implementation strategy may have facilitated toolkit implementation and practice change to increase clinical measurement and interpretation of walking speed and distance in adults post-stroke.

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Effect of acceleration and deceleration distance on the walking speed of people with chronic stroke

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Association between walking and strength of lower limbs after chronic stroke

Association between walking and strength of lower limbs after chronic stroke

<p>Preserving Mobility in Older Adults with Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Opportunities, Challenges, and Recommendations for Physical Activity Interventions</p>

The role of theory to develop and evaluate a toolkit to increase clinical measurement and interpretation of walking speed and distance in adults post-stroke

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